规律的太极拳练习对小学生体质健康影响的研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 02:17

【摘要】：研究目的：我国小学生的体质健康状况一直备受关注，小学生身体形态、身体机能、身体素质发展不协调的趋势仍十分显著，通过何种运动方式来改善小学生的体质健康状况迫在眉睫。太极拳具有良好的健身功能，但我国学者对太极拳的研究多集中在老年人或青年人身上，很少有人研究太极拳练习对小学生体质的影响。太极拳在我国中小学的开展规模有待进一步提升，通过对比发现，太极拳在我国中小学的开展规模远不及广播操类课间活动。针对以上矛盾，本论文将太极拳和小学生体质有机结合，通过为期14周的实验干预，探寻太极拳对小学生体质的影响，为小学生的体质改善和太极拳在中小学的进一步开展提供理论依据。研究方法：实验前通过查阅文献资料，了解我国小学生体质现状，太极拳的发展及健身功效，明确中小学体质测试方法，，为论文的开展提供理论依据。选取济南市实验初中全景校区3年级1班、3年级2班，5年级1班、5年级2班共计171人作为研究对象。将3年级1班、5年级1班作为实验班，进行为期14周的八式太极拳练习；将3年级2班、5年级2班作为对照班，进行为期14周的七彩阳光广播体操练习。选取身高、体重、肺活量、台阶试验、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、50米跑、50米×8折返跑、闭眼单脚站立为测试指标，分别进行实验前和实验后的测量。借助SPSS17.0数据处理软件，对实验前后测得的数据进行组间、组内的统计学分析。研究结果：①规律的体育运动能提高小学生的体质水平：通过为期14周实验研究，实验组、对照组在身高、体重等身体形态指标上，肺活量、台阶试验等身体机能指标上，速度、耐力、柔韧、平衡等身体素质指标上均表现不同程度的提高现象，表明只要是规律的体育活动，都能在一定程度上促进了小学生的体质改善。②规律的太极拳练习对小学生体质改善具有显著作用：虽然实验班、对照班在各项指标上均存在不同程度的提高现象，但实验班较对照班效果明显，尤其在改善小学生心肺耐力、柔韧性、平衡性素质上作用显著，说明在改善小学生体质健康水平上，太极拳具有其独特的优越性。③太极拳练习对不同年龄阶段学生影响效果不同：总体来看，太极拳练习对五年级学生体质的影响效果要大于处于三年级阶段的学生，这与不同年龄阶段的学生身体发育特点不同有关，应针对不同年龄阶段的学生，科学合理的安排太极拳练习。建议：①各中小学应充分利用课间体育活动时间，组织有规律的体育运动，增强学生体质。②可在部分中小学推广课间太极拳练习，并协调太极拳和广播体操的合理安排，缓解课间操单一枯燥的状态。③武术专业类体育教师的匮乏也是造成太极拳在中小学开展迟缓的原因之一，有关部门应重视加强对中小学太极拳师资力量的投入。
[Abstract]:Objective: the physical health status of primary school students in China has been concerned all the time. The trend of uncoordinated development of physical shape, body function and physical quality of primary school students is still very significant. It is urgent to improve the physical health status of primary school students through what kind of exercise. Taijiquan has a good fitness function, but most of the research on Taijiquan in our country focuses on the elderly or young people, and few people study the influence of Taijiquan practice on the physique of primary school students. The development scale of Taijiquan in primary and secondary schools in China needs to be further improved. through comparison, it is found that the scale of Taijiquan in primary and secondary schools in China is far less than that in broadcasting exercises. In view of the above contradictions, this paper combines Taijiquan with primary school students' physique organically, and explores the influence of Taijiquan on pupils' physique through 14 weeks of experimental intervention, so as to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of pupils' physique and the further development of Taijiquan in primary and secondary schools. Research methods: before the experiment, through consulting the literature, we can understand the present situation of primary and secondary school students' physique, the development of Taijiquan and the effect of fitness, and clarify the physical fitness test methods of primary and secondary schools, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the development of this paper. A total of 171 students were selected from Grade 3 Class 1, Grade 3 Class 2, Grade 5 Class 1 and Grade 5 Class 2 of Jinan Experimental Junior Middle School Panorama Campus. Class 1 of Grade 3 and Class 1 of Grade 5 were used as experimental classes to carry out eight Taijiquan exercises for 14 weeks, and Class 2 of Grade 3 and Class 2 of Grade 5 as control classes to carry out colorful sunshine broadcasting gymnastics exercises for 14 weeks. Height, weight, vital capacity, step test, sitting forward flexion, standing long jump, 50m race, 50m 脳 8 reverse running and standing on one foot with closed eyes were selected as test indexes to measure before and after the experiment. With the help of SPSS17.0 data processing software, the data measured before and after the experiment were statistically analyzed. Results: 1 regular sports can improve the physique level of primary school students: through a 14-week experimental study, the experimental group and the control group showed different degrees of improvement in the physical fitness indexes such as height, weight, vital capacity, step test, speed, endurance, flexibility, balance and so on, indicating that as long as it is a regular physical activity, To a certain extent, they can promote the improvement of pupils' physique. 2 the regular Taijiquan exercise has a significant effect on the improvement of pupils' physique: although there are different degrees of improvement in various indexes in the experimental class and the control class, the effect of the experimental class is more obvious than that of the control class, especially in improving the cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility and balance quality of primary school students, indicating that it plays a significant role in improving the physical and health level of primary school students. Taijiquan has its unique advantages. 3 Taijiquan practice has different effects on students of different ages: generally speaking, the effect of Taijiquan practice on the physique of fifth graders is greater than that of students in the third grade, which is related to the different physical development characteristics of students of different ages. Taijiquan practice should be arranged scientifically and reasonably for students of different ages. Suggestions: (1) each primary and secondary school should make full use of the time of interclass sports, organize regular sports and enhance the physique of students. (2) Taijiquan practice can be popularized in some primary and secondary schools, and the reasonable arrangement of Taijiquan and broadcast gymnastics can be coordinated to alleviate the single boring state of interclass exercise. (3) the lack of physical education teachers in martial arts major is also one of the reasons for the slow development of Taijiquan in primary and secondary schools. Relevant departments should attach importance to strengthening investment in Taijiquan teachers in primary and secondary schools.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

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