日本国《学校制定防灾指南的参考：以地震、海啸为重心》研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 19:34

【摘要】：近年来不断频发的自然灾害给人类的生产和生活带来难以磨灭的痛苦记忆,据有关数据统计,地球进入地震、海啸等自然灾害的多发期。为了应对自然灾害所造成的难以挽回的损失,各国都加紧重视对自然灾害的防治工作,以期做到灾害发生时的预防,增强人民的防灾治灾意识,提高人们在灾难发生时的自救能力,最大程度的减少人员伤亡和财产损失。日本同样是一个自然灾害多发的国家,日本政府在对自然灾害的防治工作方面尤其重视。日本长期开展的防灾教育工作在日本自然灾害防治方面取得明显的效果,对我国防灾减灾工作的开展有重要的借鉴作用。日本文部科学省于2012年颁布的《学校制定防灾指南的参考:以地震、海啸为重心》更是为广大学校结合当地情况和儿童的实际情况制定防灾手册具有重要的参考意义。本研究包括五部分,日本国《学校制定防灾指南的参考:以地震、海啸为重心》(以下简称“日本学校防灾指南”)出台的背景及主体框架、核心内容、在日本实施个案、特征评价、对我国的启示。研究的重点在于结合“日本学校防灾指南”本身及其核心内容,从理论与实践层面进行深层次的分析研究,找出指南产生的实际效果。同时通过对指南的特征的评价,结合我国防灾救灾的实际情况及不足,寻找有效的参考与借鉴。在日本,“日本学校防灾指南”的产生与发展是顺应防灾的结果,是基于因地制宜的原则,在对日本国内的自然环境、社会环境、校内情况、当地人文情况等分析的基础上,是研究学校防灾的注意点及评估体系的指南,对于应对防灾各个阶段的注意事项及解决措施都能起到很好的指导作用。通过对“日本学校防灾指南”的特点、可操作性及实施后所产生的价值以及其他国家学校防灾指南的比较研究,对我国学校在防灾教育的举措,因地制宜的落实学校防灾教育的课程及实施措施,推动防灾教育的实施效果方面都有重要意义,能够切实推动我国学校在防灾教育方向的发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent natural disasters have brought indelible painful memory to the production and life of human beings. According to relevant statistics, the earth has entered a period of frequent natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. In order to respond to the irreparable losses caused by natural disasters, States have intensified their efforts to prevent and combat natural disasters, with a view to achieving prevention at the time of disasters and enhancing the awareness of the people in disaster prevention and management, Improve people's ability to help themselves when disasters occur, minimize casualties and property losses. Japan is also a country prone to natural disasters, and the Japanese government pays particular attention to the prevention and treatment of natural disasters. The long-term disaster prevention education in Japan has achieved obvious results in the prevention and control of natural disasters in Japan, which has an important reference role for the development of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. The guide for school disaster prevention issued by the Ministry of Education and Science in 2012: taking earthquake and tsunami as the center of gravity, is of great significance for schools to formulate disaster prevention manuals in light of local conditions and children's actual conditions. This research includes five parts, the reference of Japan's "guidelines for School disaster Prevention: the focus of earthquake and Tsunami" (hereinafter referred to as "Japanese School disaster Prevention Guide"), the background and main framework, the core content, the implementation of cases in Japan, Characteristic evaluation, the enlightenment to our country. The focus of this study is to analyze and study the disaster prevention guide of Japanese schools at a deep level from the theoretical and practical aspects, and find out the practical effect of the guide in combination with the "guide for disaster prevention in Japanese schools" and its core content. At the same time, through the evaluation of the characteristics of the guide, combined with the actual situation and shortcomings of disaster prevention and relief in China, the effective reference and reference are sought. In Japan, the emergence and development of the Guide to disaster Prevention in Japanese Schools is the result of disaster prevention. It is based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, and on the basis of an analysis of the natural environment, social environment, school conditions and local human conditions in Japan. It is a guide to study the attention points and evaluation system of school disaster prevention, which can play a good guiding role in dealing with the matters needing attention and solving measures in every stage of disaster prevention. Based on the comparative study of the characteristics, maneuverability and value of Japanese School disaster Prevention Guide, as well as the comparative study of other countries' school disaster prevention guidelines, the measures of Chinese schools in disaster prevention education are discussed. It is of great significance to carry out the curriculum and measures of school disaster prevention education according to local conditions and to promote the implementation effect of disaster prevention education, which can effectively promote the development of disaster prevention education in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G531.3

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