1928-1937年山东中等教育研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 12:28

本文关键词： 民国山东中等教育何思源韩复榘　出处：《首都师范大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国的现代教育体系,从晚清新政改革开始建立。1922年,北京政府颁布了《壬戌学制》,标志着中国现代教育经过奠基期和初步发展阶段逐渐走向成熟,并形成了有自己特色的教育体系。那么,这以后中国教育具体的发展状况究竟如何?笔者想通过家乡山东省19281937年中等教育的考察,展示中国现代教育的实际发展状况。山东有着悠久文化和教育传统,在中国教育发展史上有极其重要的地位。随着清末民初“废科举、兴新学”运动的兴起,时任山东巡抚的袁世凯,在山东率先办起了官立的新式学堂,山东也成了清末教育改革的首倡之省。1901年山东大学堂的成立,标志着山东现代意义上的教育体系开始形成,起步在全国较早,为山东新式教育的发展打下了坚实的基础。山东进入北洋军阀统治时期后,教育体制、教育方针经过进一步改革,教育事业得以获得进一步发展。但军阀统治者穷兵黩武,连年混战、摧残民生,山东的教育经费得不到保障,经费常被侵吞挪用,某种程度上又阻碍了山东教育持续健康的发展。 1928年6月,国民党山东省政府在泰安成立,标志着国民政府在山东统治的开始。至1937年抗日战争爆发,山东论陷前后近十年时间里,山东社会逐渐走向稳定,这为山东中等教育的持续发展提供了契机。国民政府山东省教育厅通过一系列教育法令、法规的颁布实施,以及教育工作者的不懈努力,使山东教育在此时期获得了很大发展。这是山东教育史上精彩的一页。这种发展,不仅表现在教育内容的改革、教育体制的变化和教育部门、机构的设置上,还表现在教育经费的增加上。教育支出在财政总支出中的比例,虽还比不上军费、政费的支出,但却在国民政府统治前期曾达到10%左右的水平,不能不说是一大进步。本文主要分六个部分展开论述：绪论部分阐述了本课题选题缘起及意义、研究的现状、研究的方法,简明介绍了本课题的论文基本结构。第一章：“1928—1937年的山东中等教育发展的背景”,以时间顺序为线索,根据社会发展状况,从三个方面来展开论述,着重介绍这段时期内山东发展中等教育的政策、措施。正是基于这些方针、政策,才使得山东中等教育取得长足的进步,中等教育的规模、数量、质量都取得了显著提高。第二章：“中等教育的改革与调整”,简要探讨了1928—-1937年山东中等教育管理体系及中等教育布局的调整情形。合理的结构和布局为这一时期山东中等教育的发展提供了保障。第三章：“1928—1937年中等教育的发展”,本章是本文的主体部分,分门别类地介绍了包括普通中学教育、师范教育、职业教育与私立教育在内的广义的中等教育。通过整体研究与个案研究相结合、图表与统计表相结合的方法,本章深入分析民国时期山东中等教育发展概况。这些教育形式在不同程度上对该时期山东中等教育的发展做出了巨大贡献。第四章：“山东中等教育经费探讨”,本章主要对教育经费的来源和使用作了详细的叙述。教育经费投入的多寡,反映了政府对教育的支持程度。抗战前十年山东的教育经费一直比较稳定,管理也比较规范,逐渐形成了教育经费的筹措、管理及分配体制。从而使山东中等教育的发展有了稳定的经济后盾。第五章：“山东中等教育的学制、课程及师资概况”,对该时期山东中等教育进行横向剖析,从而再现了民国政府统治时期山东中等学校办学理念及办学特色,1922年新学制的颁布是民国时期中等教育的分水岭,最后教育部门对课程设置进行了调整。师资状况历来受到国民政府教育部和办学者的注重,山东省更是对中等学校教师的资格进行了严格的检定。中等学校教师的待遇也显著提高。这一时期,山东中等学校的校园文化丰富多彩,本文主要就中等学校校园文化、课外活动等方面展开论述。最后,对该十年山东中等教育发展进行反思,通过总结山东中等教育的特点、成就及存在的问题等方面来揭示在当时环境下,山东教育得以恢复和发展的内在动力和规律,以期为今天的教育事业提供一些有益的经验借鉴。
[Abstract]:Chinese the modern education system, to set up.1922 years from the new deal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the Beijing government promulgated the "renxu school system", marks the China modern education through the foundation stage and the preliminary stage of development gradually mature, and has formed its own characteristics of the education system. Then, after this Chinese education situation how specific development I think? By examining the hometown in Shandong province 19281937 years of secondary education, Chinese show the actual situation of the development of modern education.
Shandong has a long tradition of culture and education, has the extremely important status in the history of the development of education China. With "the abolition of the imperial examination at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the rise and rise of new learning" movement, when he was governor of Shandong Yuan Shikai, in Shandong to set up new school of government, Shandong has become the establishment of education reform in the late Qing Dynasty to the.1901 University of Shandong, marking the Shandong modern education system began to form, starting earlier in the country, to lay a solid foundation for the development of Shandong modern education system in Shandong. In the period of the northern warlords, education, education policy after further education reform, to get further development. But the warlords the rulers of militarism, years of fighting, destroying the livelihood of the people, Shandong education funds are not guaranteed, misappropriation of funds were often diverted to some extent hindered the sustainable and healthy development of education in Shandong Show.
In June 1928, the Kuomintang Shandong province government was established in Tai'an, marking the national government at the beginning of the rule of Shandong. In 1937 to the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Shandong on depression after nearly ten years, Shandong society gradually move toward stability, which provides an opportunity for the continuous development of secondary education in Shandong. The National Government Education Department of Shandong Province, through a series of education the promulgation and implementation of laws, regulations, and the tireless efforts of educators, the Shandong education in this period has achieved great development. This is a wonderful page in the history of education in Shandong. This development, not only in the content of education reform, changes in the education system and education departments, institutions, is also reflected in the increase of education the funds on education spending in the proportion of total fiscal expenditure, although far less than the military, government's expenditure, but in the national government period had reached a level of about 10%, not Not to say is a great progress.
This article is mainly divided into six parts:
The introduction part expounds the origin and significance of the topic, the status of the research, the method of research, and briefly introduces the basic structure of the thesis.
The first chapter: "the development of secondary education in Shandong from 1928 to 1937 in the background", chronologically, according to the development of society, from three aspects, introduced in the period of Shandong secondary education development policies and measures. It is based on these principles, policies, which makes the secondary education in Shandong great progress, the number of secondary education, scale and quality have been significantly improved.
The second chapter: "the reform and adjustment of secondary education", briefly discussed the adjustment of secondary education management system and secondary education layout in Shandong from 1928 to -1937. Reasonable structure and layout provided a guarantee for the development of secondary education in Shandong during this period.
The third chapter: "1928 - 1937 secondary education development", this chapter is the main part of this paper introduces be arranged including high schools education, normal education, occupation education and private education, general secondary education. Through the combination of research and case studies the whole method, charts and tables are combined, the chapter overview of the development of secondary education in Shandong during the Republic of China. These forms of education in different extent on the development of Shandong during the period of secondary education has made tremendous contributions.
The fourth chapter: "discussion" funds of secondary education in Shandong, the main source of funds for education and use are discussed in detail. The amount of investment in education funding reflects the degree of government support for education. Ten years before the Anti Japanese War of the Shandong education fund management has been relatively stable, relatively standardized, gradually raising education funding, management and distribution system. So that the development of secondary education in Shandong has a stable economic backing.
The fifth chapter: "Shandong secondary education system of" curriculum and teaching, in the period of Shandong secondary education horizontal analysis, so as to reproduce the government of the Republic of Shandong during the reign of middle school educational concept and characteristics, the promulgation of the new educational system in 1922 is a watershed in the period of the Republic of China in education, the Education Department of the curriculum for the the teacher status has been adjusted. The national Ministry of education and the government of Shandong Province, more scholars pay attention to, the qualification of secondary school teachers to carry out strict verification. Middle school teachers pay also increased significantly. During this period, Shandong middle school campus culture is rich and colorful, this paper mainly discusses the middle school campus culture. Extracurricular activities and so on.
Finally, reflect on the ten years of the Shandong secondary education development, through summarizing the characteristics of secondary education in Shandong, achievements and problems to reveal the environment at that time, Shandong education is the inherent power and rule of recovery and development, to provide some useful reference for today's education.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G529;K263

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