瑞典和中国居家养老服务的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 17:35

本文关键词：瑞典和中国居家养老服务的比较研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代,人口老龄化日益成为困扰多个国家社会经济发展的重大问题。一个是欧盟国家中老龄化程度最高的国家,一个是全球老龄人口最多的国家,瑞典和中国目前均面临着庞大的养老压力。而传统的家庭、机构养老等模式面临着诸多弊端,已无法满足本国的养老需求。笔者运用文献法、观察法和访谈法,对瑞典和中国居家养老服务的政策、具体内容和输送过程等方面进行了介绍和对比。作为"福利国家的橱窗",瑞典长期以来实行普遍性、全民性的高福利政策。自20世纪80年代开始,在瑞典政府的倡导下,居家养老模式得以快速推行,并进行了市场化改革。中国长期以来以家庭养老作为主要的养老模式,进入二十一世纪以来中国政府大力扶持社区居家养老模式,目前多采取政府购买服务的形式,由非政府组织或团体通过项目竞标的方式提供居家养老服务。在居家养老服务的内容方面,笔者重点选取了居家改造、居家照顾和集中住宅这三个方面作为切入点进行了论述。居家改造以适老化为原则,主要包括套内空间改造和公共区域改造两方面,目前瑞典的居家改造已相对较为完善,中国尚处于探索和设计阶段,并没有得到推广和普及。居家照顾分为日常生活照料和社区日间照料,目前瑞中两国均有开展。相较于瑞典居家照料的全面性和广泛性,中国目前主要集中在入户日常生活照料方面,许多社区或尚未建造日间照料中心,或存在设备闲置、资源浪费等问题,实际发挥的作用并不大。集中住宅的主要特点是居民全部由老年人组成。瑞典的老年人集中住宅由政府出资并负责建造,多建造在市区,配备专业服务人员,老年人支付较少的租金便可入住,适合大多数老年人居住。中国的老年人集中住宅多由房地产商建造并出售,老年人通过购房或租房的方式入住,多建造在郊区,只有少数经济条件较好的老年人能入住。此外,笔者还从居家养老服务的申请、执行、监督和评估等方面对瑞典和中国进行了比较,并从完善居家养老服务内容、明确服务主体的责任、区分城乡和地域差别和建设专业人才队伍等方面对中国居家养老服务体系的完善提出了自己的建议。综上所述,瑞典目前居家养老服务发展已经较为完善,从政府的政策支持,到服务的申请、执行、监督和评估,再到各项配套服务设施已经形成了一个较为完整的服务体系;而中国居家养老服务发展时间尚短,体系不成熟,在发展过程中既要借鉴瑞典的成功经验,又要结合本国实际,发展出一条适合中国国情的本土化居家养老服务体系。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the aging population has become a major problem plagued the country's social and economic development. One is the highest degree of aging in the European Union countries, one is the world's most populous country in aging, Sweden and China are currently facing a huge pension pressure. While the traditional family pension mode, mechanism facing many problems, has been unable to meet the pension needs of the country. The author uses the literature method, observation method and interview method, in Sweden and China home-based care services policy, the specific content and delivery process are introduced and compared. As a "welfare state" window, Sweden has been universal, universal the high welfare policy. Since the beginning of 1980s, the Swedish government under the advocacy of home-based care and rapid implementation and market reform. Chinese family support for a long time to As the main mode of endowment, since twenty-first Century Chinese government support model of community home endowment vigorously, at present, to take the government to purchase services in the form of bidding by non governmental organizations or groups through the project to provide home-based care services. In the aspect of home-based care services content, the author selects the home improvement, home care and the residential buildings three aspects are discussed in this paper. As a starting point for home transformation with proper aging principle, including the internal space reconstruction and transformation of two public areas, is currently home renovation in Sweden has a relatively perfect, China is still in the exploration and design stage, and did not get the promotion and popularization of home care for daily life care and community day care at present, Switzerland and China have carried out. Compared to the Swedish home care comprehensive and extensive, China are mainly concentrated in the Home care of the daily life, many communities or has not yet built a day care center, or the existence of idle equipment, waste of resources and other issues, the actual role is not significant. The main features of the residence is composed of all the elderly residents. Swedish elderly residential buildings funded by the government and is responsible for building, built in the urban area, equipped with professional service personnel, the elderly pay less rent will be accommodated, suitable for the majority of elderly people living in the elderly. Chinese concentrated residential real estate business by building and selling, the elderly through the purchase or rental occupancy way, built in the suburbs, only a few elderly people with better economic conditions can stay. In addition, the author from the home-based care services for the implementation, supervision and evaluation and other aspects of the comparison of Sweden and Chinese, and from the improvement of home-based care services, clear the main responsibility for service Distinguish between urban and rural and regional differences, and the construction of professional personnel to improve the old-age service system Chinese at home and put forward their own proposals. In summary, Sweden has home-based care services has been more and more perfect, the policy support from the government to the service, application, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and then to the facilities and services has been formed a more complete service system; and China home-based care services development time is short, the system is not mature, successful experience in the development process should not only learn from Sweden, and combined with the actual national conditions, the development of a suitable Chinese situation of localization of home-based care services system.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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