浸渍纸饰面纤维板甲醛释放来源及树脂合成工艺研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 10:24

本文关键词： 浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板甲醛释放含量摩尔比脲醛树脂三聚氰胺甲醛树脂　出处：《东北林业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板因为其各方面性能优良深受人们喜爱,随着板式家具的发展及房地产和新农村建设的脚步加快而得到了较好的发展。然而板式家具的甲醛释放问题严重威胁着居室环境和人体健康。本论文通过分别研究纤维板基材和浸渍纸对饰面纤维板甲醛释放量的影响,分析饰面纤维板甲醛释放量的来源；通过正交试验和单因素试验优化脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺甲醛树脂制备工艺和浸渍工艺,以期为生产出低甲醛释放高性能饰面纤维板提供依据。通过试验主要得出以下结论： (1)基材厚度和基材甲醛释放限量级别对浸渍纸饰面纤维板的甲醛释放量影响不显著；浸渍纸自身甲醛释放量对浸渍纸饰面人造板的甲醛释放量影响显著；浸渍纸用UF树脂的摩尔比在很大程度上决定了饰面纤维板的甲醛释放量,降低UF树脂摩尔比能有效降低甲醛释放量。 (2)生产低摩尔比的脲醛树脂来降低饰面纤维板甲醛释放量的方法是可行的；摩尔比为1.4的UF树脂经过一定条件制备的浸渍纸压贴后板材的甲醛释放量远小于GB18580-2001中E1级限量标准；然而随着浸渍纸用脲醛树脂摩尔比的降低,浸渍纸饰面纤维板的耐划伤能力、耐磨能力和耐酸碱腐蚀能力等物理力学强度也有所降低。 (3)浸渍纸具有良好的封闭甲醛的能力,能封闭绝大部分板材内部释放的甲醛；摩尔比在1.55时,浸渍纸饰面纤维板的甲醛释放来源于浸渍纸自身的部分约占56%左右,浸渍纸自身甲醛释放对饰面纤维板甲醛释放量影响显著。 (4)纤维板游离甲醛释放的通道主要有纤维搭接缝隙、导管与木纤维裂隙和纤维板制备过程中的水蒸气与甲醛的通道。浸渍纸封闭基材甲醛的原理是浸渍纸上的树脂熔融封闭板材表面的缝隙,固化后形成了较为致密的树脂层,阻止了甲醛释放。然而树脂层仍有一定的裂纹和针孔,纤维板内部的甲醛通过缝隙和浸渍纸纸张表面释放出去。同时浸渍纸自身也释放一定量的甲醛。 (5)对饰面纤维板表面耐划痕性能影响显著的因素依次是树脂制备过程中一次投料摩尔比、酸性过程pH值；对树脂贮存期影响最显著的因素依次是保温温度和一次投料摩尔比；对甲醛释放量影响显著的因素依次是一次投料摩尔比和酸性反应过程pH值；浸渍纸用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂在反应后期缩聚反应过程pH值不宜过低。 (6)浸渍工艺可适当增加第一节烘箱温度,让一次芯层浸渍的脲醛树脂固化完全,降低第二节烘箱温度,降低整体预固化度,后期熔融可以很好的铺平纤维板,增加耐污性能。针对与季节性温度和湿度变化问题,企业应该注意地区性的温度和湿度变化,把产品工艺稳定下来,针对季节性差异进行调整。
[Abstract]:Impregnated paper veneer wood-based panels are popular because of their excellent performance in all aspects. With the development of panel furniture and the quickening pace of real estate and new rural construction, the formaldehyde release of panel furniture is a serious threat to the living environment and human health. In this paper, the effect of fiberboard base material and impregnated paper on formaldehyde emission from veneer fiberboard was studied, and the source of formaldehyde emission from veneer fiberboard was analyzed. The preparation and impregnation process of UF resin and melamine formaldehyde resin were optimized by orthogonal test and single factor test, in order to provide the basis for producing low formaldehyde release high performance decorative fiberboard. (1) the thickness of base material and the limit of formaldehyde release of base material had no significant effect on formaldehyde emission of impregnated paper veneer fiberboard, and the formaldehyde emission of impregnated paper had significant effect on the formaldehyde emission of impregnated paper veneer wood-based board. The molar ratio of UF resin for impregnated paper largely determines the formaldehyde emission of veneer fiberboard, and reducing the mole ratio of UF resin can effectively reduce the formaldehyde emission. 2) it is feasible to produce UF resin with low molar ratio to reduce formaldehyde emission from veneer fiberboard, and the formaldehyde emission of UF resin with molar ratio of 1.4 is much lower than that of E1 grade limit standard of GB18580-2001 after impregnated paper is prepared under certain conditions. However, with the decrease of the molar ratio of UF resin for impregnated paper, the physical and mechanical strength of impregnated paper veneer fiberboard, such as scratch resistance, wear resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, is also decreased. 3) the impregnated paper has a good ability to seal formaldehyde, which can close the formaldehyde released from the interior of most of the plates. When the mole ratio is 1.55, the formaldehyde release of the impregnated paper veneer fiberboard comes from the part of the impregnated paper itself, which accounts for about 56%. Formaldehyde release from impregnated paper had a significant effect on formaldehyde emission from veneer fiberboard. 4) fiberboard free formaldehyde release channel mainly has fiber lap gap, The principle of impregnating paper sealing material formaldehyde is that the resin melt seal the surface of the plate on impregnated paper, and form a relatively dense resin layer after solidification, the pipe and wood fiber fissures and the channel of water vapor and formaldehyde in the preparation process of fiberboard. However, there are still some cracks and pinholes in the resin layer, and the formaldehyde in the fiberboard is released through the gap and the surface of the impregnated paper. At the same time, the impregnated paper itself also releases a certain amount of formaldehyde. (5) the influencing factors on the scratch resistance of the veneer fiberboard are the molar ratio of the primary feed and the pH value in the acidic process, the most significant factors affecting the storage life of the resin are the holding temperature and the molar ratio of the primary feed. The influential factors on formaldehyde emission were the molar ratio of primary feed and the pH value of acid reaction process, while the pH value of melamine formaldehyde resin for impregnated paper should not be too low during the late condensation reaction. The impregnation process can increase the oven temperature of the first section properly, so that the first core impregnated UF resin can be cured completely, the second oven temperature will be reduced, the whole precuring degree can be reduced, and the later melting can pave the fiberboard very well. In view of the seasonal temperature and humidity changes, enterprises should pay attention to the regional temperature and humidity changes, stabilize the product process, and adjust the seasonal differences.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS653.6

【共引文献】