房地分别抵押纠纷案分析

发布时间：2018-04-25 01:09

本文选题：土地 + 房屋　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国法律制度下，房屋与土地是作为独立的不动产进行对待的。2007年《中华人民共和国物权法》（以下简称《物权法》）颁布后，规定了房地产的“一并抵押”原则，但在实际操作过程中，却存在着大量的房与地的分别抵押现象，对其性质及效力的认定，学术界和实务界有着不同的观点。文中案例被告是一家房地产开发公司，通过先向原告银行抵押其土地使用权，再向独立第三人抵押该土地上的建筑物获得两笔借款，最后因为无法偿还借款而引发了纠纷。本案争议焦点有三个，首先是两次抵押权的效力的问题；其次是两银行对未抵押登记的不动产是否享有优先受偿的权利；最后是两银行受偿的先后顺序如何确定。基于法院认定的事实和对现行法律的理解，房地分别抵押是当事人双方意思自治的产物，且其内容不违反法律强制性规定，并依法办理了登记，，因此有效。在保证房、地买受人为同一人时，债权人分别对其已登记抵押物享有优先受偿权，对未登记部分享有补充受偿权利。但由于法律对房、地拍卖或折现权利主体是否为同一人并无强制性规定，因此现实生活中很可能造成房、地主体分离的现象，这就需要立法者予以注意和规范。
[Abstract]:Under the legal system of our country, housing and land are treated as independent immovable property. After the promulgation of the property Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Real right Law") in 2007, the principle of "mortgage" of real estate is stipulated. However, in the practical operation, there are a large number of houses and land mortgage phenomenon, the nature and effectiveness of the recognition, academic and practical circles have different views. In this case, the defendant, a real estate development company, secured his land use right to the plaintiff's bank first, then secured the building on the land by an independent third party, and finally caused a dispute because he could not repay the loan. There are three controversial issues in this case: first, the validity of the two mortgages; secondly, whether the two banks have the priority to be repaid to the unmortgaged real estate; and finally, how to determine the order in which the two banks are repaid. Based on the facts found by the court and the understanding of the current law, the separate mortgage of the premises is the product of the autonomy of the will of the parties, and its content does not violate the mandatory provisions of the law, and has been registered according to law, so it is effective. When the buyer is the same person, the creditor has the priority right to the registered mortgage and the supplementary right to the unregistered part. However, there is no compulsory stipulation on whether the subject of land auction or discount right is the same person, so it is very likely to cause the separation of house and land subject in real life, which needs the legislator to pay attention to and standardize it.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.29

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