戈尔巴乔夫民主社会主义思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 19:00

本文关键词： 戈尔巴乔夫民主社会主义改革与新思维　出处：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1985年3月,戈尔巴乔夫担任苏共中央总书记以后,企图用“西欧式的社会民主思想”来改造苏共。其结果,在短短六年的时间,使执政长达74年之久的苏联共产党丢失了国家政权,使原来统一的苏联多民族国家开始分崩离析,社会主义理论和实践成果丧失殆尽。戈尔巴乔夫鼓吹和推行的“民主社会主义思想”是促使苏联解体的一个关键因素。因此,我们从苏联当时的经济、政治以及外交事务等方面对其进行分析,寻找戈尔巴乔夫民主社会主义思想的社会背景。戈尔巴乔夫民主社会主义思想主要内容,就是在以上的社会背景中逐步发展起来的,而且在政治立场上更为激进,以至于最终抛弃了马克思列宁主义的指导思想,丧失了苏联共产党的执政地位。戈尔巴乔夫对“人道的、民主的社会主义”理论和路线展开了较为详细的阐述和论证,企图为苏联继续地朝着资本主义社会方向演变扫除理论障碍。他打着“革新社会主义”的旗帜和口号,提倡在苏联社会主义社会中,推行不分一切阶级的“民主化”、没有任何限度的“公开性”和系统的、抽象的“人道主义”,为苏联经济社会向资本主义的深入转变营造理论氛围和社会舆论环境。他认为,必须要树立起“人类的生存高于一切”的观念。戈尔巴乔夫把民主视为超阶级的绝对之物,提出“没有民主就没有社会主义”。纠正了苏联人民群众对社会主义和资本主义的已经形成的看法和认识。也改变了人民群众对苏联传统的战争观念和认识。作为苏联社会主义改革指导思想的戈尔巴乔夫民主社会主义,是苏联社会主义偏离正确发展方向的关键因素,也是苏东剧变的一个关键因素。戈尔巴乔夫的民主社会主义,使苏联社会思想舆论发展方向发生了改变,使苏联共产党领导层在思想路线上开始动摇,并在思想意识形态领域造成了严重混乱。因此苏联共产党的瓦解也就成为了一种必然。“前车覆,后车诫”。苏共的失败给我们提供了深刻的教训和启示：一切国家的民主制度都必然具有本国本民族的特点。一个国家具体选择哪种民主形式和民主制度,应该从自身的特定社会结构、历史传统与政治文化出发,而不能盲目地照抄照搬。
[Abstract]:In March 1985, after Gorbachev became the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, he attempted to reform the Soviet Communist Party with a "Western European style of social democracy." as a result, in a short period of six years, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which had been in power for 74 years, lost its state power and began to disintegrate the former unified multi-ethnic Soviet State. The socialist theory and practice were lost. Gorbachev's "democratic socialist ideology" was a key factor in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Political and foreign affairs are analyzed to find the social background of Gorbachev's democratic socialist thought. The main content of Gorbachev's democratic socialism thought was developed gradually in the above social background, and was more radical in political position, so that he finally abandoned the guiding ideology of Marxism-Leninism. Gorbachev developed a more detailed elaboration and demonstration of the theory and line of "humane and democratic socialism". In an attempt to remove theoretical obstacles for the Soviet Union to continue its evolution towards capitalist society, he, under the banner and slogan of "innovating socialism", advocated in the socialist society of the Soviet Union, To promote "democratization" of all classes, without any limit of "openness" and systematic and abstract "humanitarianism", to create a theoretical atmosphere and an environment of public opinion for the in-depth transformation of the Soviet economy and society into capitalism. The idea that "the survival of mankind is above all else" must be established. Gorbachev regarded democracy as the absolute thing of the superclass. "without democracy, there can be no socialism". It corrects the views and understandings of the people of the Soviet Union on the formation of socialism and capitalism, and also changes the people's concept and understanding of the Soviet tradition of war. Gorbachev's democratic socialism, as the guiding ideology of socialist reform in the Soviet Union, is a key factor in the deviation of Soviet socialism from the correct direction of development and a key factor in the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East. Gorbachev's democratic socialism, This has changed the direction of the development of social and ideological public opinion in the Soviet Union and made the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begin to waver in its ideological line. And caused serious confusion in the ideological field. So the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party became inevitable. " The failure of the Soviet Communist Party has provided us with profound lessons and revelations: the democratic systems of all countries must have their own national characteristics. One should proceed from one's own specific social structure, historical tradition and political culture, and not copy blindly.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D351.2

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