参与民主视阈下当代中国公共决策中公民参与机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 01:33

本文选题：参与民主 + 政府　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共决策是政府实施管理和提供服务的主导方式,公民参与机制作为实现决策过程民主化与科学性的重要保障,其作用也不容忽视或小觑。同时,从当代民主理论的发展趋势来看,“参与”一词占据主导地位,参与民主理论一直是学界研究的热点。参与民主理论强调真正的民主应该是公民直接地、充分地参与到决策的整个过程中,其基本理念包含了积极自由、参与本身是目的以及公民德性。公共决策中公民参与机制是指公民或组织在涉及到影响切身利益的决策中,为充分表达意愿实现公共利益,通过有效方式主动地参与决策的制定、执行、评估等环节,并对决策结果产生一定影响的能动过程。参与民主理论就广泛的参与主体、凝聚的公共精神、积极的公民德性、共识的公共利益方面做出的努力对构建、完善公共决策中公民参与机制具有重要作用。然而当前我国公共决策中公民参与机制存在缺位与不足,陷入了“自上而下”的决策模式占主导地位、民意表达机制不健全、参与动力机制不足的困境。剖析公民参与机制缺位与不足的主要成因在于:公民参与和决策效率矛盾重重,参与决策的渠道不畅通,公民政治效能感低,参与意识与技能欠缺,存在“搭便车”心理。面对我国的现实状况,在参与民主视阈下构建并完善公共决策中公民参与机制应从决策的信息收集、方案制定、执行评估、修改完善等环节着手:一是完善信息公开制度、建立公民参与动力机制;二是鼓励公共性的公民行动、建立多层次沟通渠道,完善民意表达机制;三是保持公民动态化参与,完善多元化监督机制;四是建立网络评议反馈机制,鼓励公民为决策的修改完善献计献策,以提高决策的合理性和可接受性。
[Abstract]:Public decision-making is the leading way for the government to implement management and provide services. The mechanism of citizen participation, as an important guarantee to realize the democratization and science of decision-making process, can not be ignored or underestimated. At the same time, from the development trend of contemporary democratic theory, the word "participation" occupies a dominant position, and the theory of participatory democracy has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. The theory of participatory democracy emphasizes that the true democracy should be a citizen's direct and full participation in the whole process of decision-making. Its basic idea includes positive freedom, participation itself is the purpose and civic virtue. In public decision-making, citizen participation mechanism means that citizens or organizations participate actively in decision-making, execution, evaluation and so on, in order to fully express their will to realize public interests. And the dynamic process which has certain influence on the decision result. The theory of participatory democracy plays an important role in constructing and perfecting the mechanism of citizen participation in the construction and improvement of the mechanism of citizen participation in the aspects of broad participation subject, condensed public spirit, active civic virtue and consensus public interest. However, at present, the mechanism of citizen participation in public decision-making in our country is lacking and insufficient, which leads to the "top-down" decision-making mode, the unsound mechanism of public opinion expression and the lack of dynamic mechanism of participation. The main reasons for analyzing the absence and deficiency of citizen participation mechanism lie in: citizen participation and decision-making efficiency are full of contradictions, the channels of participation in decision-making are not smooth, the sense of civil political efficacy is low, the consciousness and skills of participation are lacking, and there is a "hitchhiking" mentality. In the face of the reality of our country, in order to construct and perfect the mechanism of citizen participation in public decision-making from the perspective of participatory democracy, we should start from the aspects of information collection, scheme formulation, implementation evaluation, modification and perfection of decision-making. First, we should improve the information disclosure system. The second is to encourage public citizen action, to establish multi-level communication channels and to perfect the expression mechanism of public opinion, the third is to maintain citizens' dynamic participation and improve the pluralistic supervision mechanism. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a network feedback mechanism to encourage citizens to make suggestions for the modification and improvement of the decision, so as to improve the rationality and acceptability of the decision.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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