马克思主义视域下福山“历史终结论”的批判

发布时间：2018-05-16 08:07

本文选题：福山 + 历史终结论　；参考：《东南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：福山提出“历史终结论”恰逢东欧剧变、苏联解体,在此背景下,该观点迅速引起东西方学术界的强烈反响。福山“历史的终结”主要观点就是人类历史将以西方自由民主和以市场为导向的资本主义的形式告终,资本主义是人类历史最后的制度形式。20多年来,福山对自己的观点依旧坚持,因此,在马克思主义思想的指导下对福山“历史终结”思想的变化和坚持进行研究,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先对福山历史终结论的思想渊源,黑格尔以及科耶夫的历史思想进行分析,福山的思想从“主奴辩证法”开始,并将终点设为类似科耶夫的“普遍均质的国家”,进而形成了包括历史发展的动力、历史终结的模式、历史终结的证明和“最后之人”的完整“历史终结论”。可是,金融危机的爆发、面对伊斯兰世界和伊拉克等不发达国家的僵局以及社会主义中国的崛起使福山不仅要面对理论困境,更有现实的挑战。所以福山对历史终结论进行了部分“修正”,认为历史可能重新开启、将关注点从哲学思想转向现代化理论,并将历史终结的路径具体化为“国家、法治、负责制政府”三者的协调。本文在坚持唯物史观的前提下,着重批判了福山历史终结论立论基础存在的唯心主义和形而上学的问题,并对其否认资本主义社会存在基本矛盾、忽视资本主义和社会主义之间的区别以及轻视文化作为上层建筑的重要作用进行了批判。另外,梳理福山在通向历史终结道路上有关国家构建与治理的思想,有助于反思中国社会主义国家的建设,不断推进我国的国家治理现代化。文章最后回归马克思主义历史观、正确把握历史发展规律,认识到福山无论怎样对其理论进行修正,历史终结论都难逃被“终结”的命运。中国也在前进中反思,赋予社会主义国家源源不断的生命力。当前更应当凝聚社会共识,积极推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业,坚持中国特色社会主义道路,在总结以往发展经验的基础上,努力实现“中国梦”。
[Abstract]:Fukuyama's theory of the end of History coincided with the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The main point of Fukuyama's "end of History" is that human history will end in the form of Western liberal democracy and market-oriented capitalism, which has been the last institutional form of human history for more than 20 years. Fushan still insists on his own viewpoint, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the change and persistence of Fushan's thought of "historical end" under the guidance of Marxist thought. This paper first analyzes the ideological origin of Fushan's theory of historical termination, Hegel and Koyev's historical thought. Fushan's thought begins with "master and slave dialectics" and sets the end point as a "universally homogeneous country" similar to Koyev. Then it forms the motive force of historical development, the mode of historical end, the proof of historical end and the complete theory of "historical end" of "the last man". However, the outbreak of the financial crisis, the deadlock in the Islamic world and Iraq, and the rise of socialist China make Fukuyama face not only theoretical difficulties but also practical challenges. Therefore, Fukuyama made some "corrections" to the theory of the end of history, thinking that history might be re-opened, turning attention from philosophy to modern theory, and concretely turning the path of historical end into "country, rule of law," The coordination of the three systems of government. Based on the historical materialism, this paper criticizes the idealism and metaphysics on the basis of Fukuyama's theory of historical termination, and denies that there are basic contradictions in capitalist society. Neglecting the difference between capitalism and socialism and belittling the important role of culture as superstructure are criticized. In addition, combing Fushan's thoughts on national construction and governance on the road to the end of history is helpful to reflect on the construction of China's socialist country and to continuously promote the modernization of national governance in China. Finally, the article returns to the Marxist view of history, correctly grasps the law of historical development, and realizes that no matter how Fushan corrects his theory, the theory of historical termination cannot escape the fate of "ending". China also reflects on its progress and endows socialist countries with a constant stream of vitality. At present, we should gather the social consensus, actively promote the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to realize "Chinese Dream" on the basis of summing up the past development experience.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81

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