二元和三元金属氧化物的溶液燃烧法制备、表征和性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 09:49

本文选题：溶液燃烧法 + 金属掺杂的二氧化钛　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,金属氧化物由于其显著的光催化性能、半导体性能、电池性能及在各个领域潜在的应用而引起了人们浓厚的研究兴趣。在过去的研究工作中,广大科技工作者已发展了多种方法成功地合成了各种形貌和尺寸的金属氧化物纳米材料。如水热/溶剂热法、微波辅助合成法、γ-射线辐照法、模板辅助生长法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、球磨法、液体-固体-溶液法、超声制备法、熔盐合成法等。但是,以上合成方法的实验设备比较复杂、实验操作非常精细,在实验中常使用有毒性的反应物或释放有毒的反应副产物,导致实验成本较高以及造成严重的环境污染。因此,寻找一种简单易行、方便快捷、安全、价格低廉和环境友好的合成纳米材料的方法仍有重要的意义。本文旨在探索一种符合上述要求的制备纳米粒子的简单方法,同时研究所制备的纳米粒子的潜在应用。具体内容包括以下几方面: 1.用溶液燃烧法制备金属掺杂的TiO_2纳米粒子,并对其进行结构表征和性能进行研究。我们采用乙醇与乙二醇的混合体系(体积比为30/20)为溶剂,钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OC_4H_9)_4)为钛源,空气中的氧气作为氧源,一些金属盐为金属离子掺杂剂,通过简单的溶液燃烧法在空气中一步合成金属掺杂的TiO_2纳米粒子。运用X-射线粉末衍射、U-2450型紫外-可见分光光度计、FLS920型荧光分光仪、扫描电子显微镜来对产物进行表征。此外,我们主要研究了所制备的金属掺杂的TiO_2纳米粒子的光催化性能。实验表明,所制备的金属掺杂的TiO_2纳米粒子在常温下对有机染料的光催化降解性能和市售的P25(TiO_2)粉末相比,表现出很好的光催化性能。 2.利用上述合成方法,我们成功合成了碳复合的二氧化锡纳米粒子。研究了它作为锂离子阳极材料的性能,在首次循环中具有很高的不可逆容量(~1248 mAhg-1)。此外我们还研究了所制备的碳复合二氧化锡纳米材料对水溶液中重金属离子(Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+))的吸附和在365nm紫外光照射下对有机染料番红花T的光催化降解性能。 3.利用上述溶液燃烧法,我们还成功合成了镁尖晶石MAl_2O_4(M=Mg、Zn)纳米粒子,并用X-射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量散射谱等对产物的相态和形貌进行了表征。BET实验显示:所得镁尖晶石MAl_2O_4(M=Mg、Zn)具有较大的比表面积,并呈现优良的吸附水溶液中的重金属离子(Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(3+))和光催化降解有机染料的性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, metal oxides have attracted much attention due to their remarkable photocatalytic properties, semiconductor properties, battery properties and potential applications in various fields. In the past research work, the majority of scientific and technological workers have developed a variety of methods to successfully synthesize various morphologies and sizes of metal oxide nanomaterials. Such as hydrothermal / solvothermal method, microwave-assisted synthesis method, 纬 -ray irradiation method, template assisted growth method, sol-gel method, microemulsion method, ball milling method, liquid-solid-solution method, ultrasonic preparation method, molten salt synthesis method and so on. However, the experimental equipment of the above synthetic methods is more complex, and the experimental operation is very fine. The toxic reactants or the release of toxic byproducts are often used in the experiments, which leads to the high cost of the experiments and the serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a simple, convenient, safe, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing nanomaterials. The aim of this paper is to explore a simple method for preparing nanoparticles in accordance with the above requirements and to study the potential applications of the prepared nanoparticles. The specific content includes the following aspects: 1. Metal doped TIO _ 2 nanoparticles were prepared by solution combustion method and their structure and properties were studied. We use a mixture of ethanol and ethylene glycol (30 / 20 by volume) as solvent, Ti (OC _ 4H _ 9) _ 4 as titanium source, oxygen in air as oxygen source, and some metal salts as metal ion dopants. The metal-doped TIO _ 2 nanoparticles were synthesized in air by a simple solution combustion method. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) U-2450 UV-Vis spectrophotometer FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, we mainly studied the photocatalytic properties of the metal doped TIO _ 2 nanoparticles. The experimental results show that the prepared metal doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit good photocatalytic properties compared with P25 (TiO2) powders at room temperature. 2. Using the above synthesis method, we successfully synthesized carbon composite tin dioxide nanoparticles. Its performance as a lithium ion anode has been studied. It has a very high irreversible capacity (1248 mAhg-1) in the first cycle. In addition, the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Pb ~ (2) and CD ~ (2) in aqueous solution and photocatalytic degradation of organic dye saffron T in aqueous solution by carbon composite tin dioxide nanomaterials were studied. 3. Using the above solution combustion method, we have also successfully synthesized magnesia-spinel Mal _ 2O _ 4 (Mi _ mg _ 2O _ 4) nanoparticles, and have used X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, The phase state and morphology of the product were characterized by energy scattering spectroscopy. BET experiments showed that the obtained magnesia-spinel Mal _ 2O _ 4 (mg _ 2O _ 4) has a large specific surface area. The adsorption of heavy metal ions (Pb ~ (2) CD ~ (2) and Cr ~ (3) in aqueous solution and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes were also presented.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TB383.1;O611.4

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