公民社会在民主政治推进中的双重作用研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 12:16

【摘要】：随着公民社会理论的提出,公民社会在世界范围内得到越来越多学者和官员的重视。在探讨公民社会对民主政治的作用方面,大多数学者认为公民社会能够积极推进民主政治的发展,一些政府官员就公民社会对国家权力的挑战提出质疑,也有部分学者就公民社会对民主政治的作用进行了正反两个方面的反思。理性成熟的公民社会能够积极推进民主政治的发展,但在一定条件下公民社会也会对民主政治的发展形成阻碍,公民社会在民主政治推进中的这种双重作用无疑让我们必须谨慎考量我国公民社会的发展取向。对于刚刚处于起步阶段的中国公民社会来说,既然公民社会在民主政治推进中表现出正负两方面作用,因此,是否应该支持公民社会在中国的发展就成为疑问。在我国公民社会的构建方面,对于处于转型期的中国来说,国家在公民社会的构建中应该发挥积极主导的作用,对公民社会的态度应该表现为在支持中有效控制。在社会结构层面,培养中间阶层也是构建公民社会的一个重要方面,只是在我国表现得更为特殊,中间阶层的培养与公民社会的构建具有共时性,因此,在目前两者发展还极为不充分的条件下,有效地宏观把握对两者来说都是必不可少的,中间阶层的培养将会对公民社会的完善发挥积极的作用。在微观层面,无论是公民社会组织还是公民自身,都要进行不断的完善,从而为构建成熟的公民社会创造必要的条件。总的来看,本文的构思方面,在就公民社会对民主政治的正面作用进行总结分析的基础上,特别突出阐述了公民社会对民主政治的负面效应,主要表现为国家控制力的弱化、组织间的无序竞争、政治参与的失衡、公共利益的损害等,并从国家、社会结构、公民社会组织、公民等四个层面对产生公民社会负面效应的原因进行了探析。在此基础上,进而引申出支持中国公民社会发展的考证,随后重点从宏观和微观两个角度对构建有助于我国民主政治发展的公民社会进行了阐释。具体包括国家在支持中有效控制、推进“橄榄型社会"的构建、加强公民社会组织的自身建设、提高公民的政治素养和参与能力等。
[Abstract]:With the development of civil society theory, civil society has been paid more and more attention by scholars and officials all over the world. In discussing the role of civil society in democratic politics, most scholars believe that civil society can actively promote the development of democratic politics, and some government officials have questioned the challenge of civil society to the power of the State. Some scholars also reflect on the role of civil society in democracy. A rational and mature civil society can actively promote the development of democratic politics, but under certain conditions, civil society will also hinder the development of democratic politics. The dual role of civil society in the promotion of democratic politics undoubtedly makes us carefully consider the development orientation of civil society in our country. For China's civil society, which is just in its infancy, since civil society plays a positive and negative role in the advancement of democratic politics, it is doubtful whether we should support the development of civil society in China. In the construction of civil society in China, for China in the transition period, the state should play an active leading role in the construction of civil society, and the attitude towards civil society should be effectively controlled in support. At the level of social structure, cultivating middle class is also an important aspect of constructing civil society, but it is more special in our country. The cultivation of middle class is synchronic with the construction of civil society. Under the condition that the development of both is not enough at present, it is necessary for both to grasp the macroscopic effectively, and the cultivation of middle class will play an active role in the perfection of civil society. At the micro level, both civil society organizations and citizens themselves should be constantly perfected, thus creating the necessary conditions for the construction of a mature civil society. In general, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the positive effect of civil society on democratic politics, the negative effects of civil society on democratic politics are highlighted, which are mainly reflected in the weakening of state control. The disordered competition among organizations, the imbalance of political participation, the damage of public interest and so on. The causes of the negative effects of civil society are analyzed from four aspects: the state, the social structure, the civil society organization and the citizen. On the basis of this, the author extends the textual research to support the development of Chinese civil society, and then explains the construction of civil society which is conducive to the development of democratic politics in China from the macro and micro perspectives. It includes the effective control of the state in the support, the promotion of the construction of the "olive society", the strengthening of the self-construction of the civil society organizations, and the improvement of the citizens' political literacy and participation ability, etc.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D621

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