“乡政村治”体制下农村基层民主建设研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 10:23

【摘要】： 发展社会主义民主政治,是社会主义现代化建设的重要目标,也是社会主义本质特征的具体体现。作为中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的基础性工程,经过不断的完善,中国农村基层民主逐步形成了以民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督为主要内容的村民自治体系,其发展和完善不仅有利于中国农村的稳定和发展,而且对中国特色社会主义政治文明建设也具有较大的推动作用。 “乡政村治”体制下的农村基层民主建设,这种国家主导下的基层群众自治制度,其既发挥了国家权力对基层群众自治的积极引导与规范作用,又为乡村社会内生力量的成长提供了相对宽松的政治空间。中国农村基层民主的发展是国家权力与乡村社会权利相互作用的结果。但是,当前由国家行政权、党的领导权与村民自治权之间所产生的权力的结构性矛盾,已成为制约农村基层民主进一步发展的“瓶颈”。造成这些矛盾的原因既有国家宏观体制方面的因素,也有乡村各权力主体自身建设的问题,但归根结底还在于国家权力与乡村社会权利间的互动失衡。未来中国农村基层民主进一步发展的关键在于寻求国家权力与乡村社会权利间的制度平衡。民主合作制作为一项符合社会主义民主精神的农村基层民主制度创新方案,强调通过制度建设规范国家权力进入乡村社会的权限和方式以及创新“村治”机制来促进乡村社会自主性的提高,达到国家与乡村社会的良性互动的局面,共同推动农村基层民主政治建设。全文共分为五章。第一章导论部分,阐述了本文的研究目的与意义,检索了以往的研究,介绍了本文研究的理论基础和方法。第二章,以马克思主义民主观为理论基础,阐释了民主、基层民主、农村基层民主的概念及内涵,分析了农村基层民主对中国农村乃至整个国家民主政治建设的深远意义,这是本文首先需要回答的问题,也是本文的逻辑起点。第三章,探析了“乡政村治”体制下农村基层民主的建设实践。该部分首先立足于现代国家构建理论,梳理了人民公社体制瓦解和“乡政村治”体制诞生的历史过程。其次,从三个维度阐述了“乡政村治”体制下农村基层民主建设的主要实践,即国家以法制建设规范村民自治、以典型示范推动村民自治以及以机制创新深化村民自治的历史进程,以此构成了我们理解“乡政村治”体制下农村基层民主发展的大致历程。第四章,探析了“乡政村治”体制下农村基层民主建设进程中所产生的国家行政权、党的领导权和村民自治权之间的矛盾、冲突,以及由此衍生出的各权力主体自身建设的“滞后性”问题,并得出其困境根源在于国家权力与乡村社会权利的互动失衡的结论。第五章,针对农村基层民主政治建设过程中权力的结构性障碍,提出了民主合作制这一农村基层民主建设的制度创新方案,通过规范行政权力进入乡村社会的权限和方式以及“村治”机制的创新来促进乡村社会力量的成长,以形成国家力量与乡村社会力量共同推动农村基层民主发展之势。
[Abstract]:Developing socialist democratic politics is an important goal of socialist modernization and a concrete manifestation of the essential characteristics of socialism.As a basic project of building socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, through constant improvement, the grass-roots democracy in rural China has gradually formed through democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democracy. Supervision is the main content of the villagers'autonomy system, its development and improvement is not only conducive to the stability and development of China's rural areas, but also has a greater role in promoting the construction of socialist political civilization with Chinese characteristics.
The democratic construction at the grass-roots level in rural areas under the system of "township administration and village administration", the system of grass-roots mass autonomy under the guidance of the state, has not only played a positive role in guiding and regulating grass-roots mass autonomy by state power, but also provided a relatively loose political space for the growth of Rural Endogenous forces. However, the structural contradiction of power between the state administrative power, the party's leadership and the villagers'autonomy has become the "bottleneck" that restricts the further development of rural grass-roots democracy. The reasons for these contradictions are not only the factors of the state macro-system, but also some of them. In the final analysis, the problem of self-construction of rural power subjects lies in the imbalance of the interaction between state power and rural social rights.
The key to the further development of China's rural grassroots democracy in the future lies in seeking the institutional balance between state power and rural social rights. Innovating the "village governance" mechanism to promote the improvement of rural social autonomy, to achieve a positive interaction between the state and rural society, and jointly promote the rural grass-roots democratic political construction.
The full text is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, which expounds the purpose and significance of this study, retrieves the previous studies, and introduces the theoretical basis and methods of this study.
In the second chapter, based on the Marxist concept of democracy, the concept and connotation of democracy, grass-roots democracy and rural grass-roots democracy are explained, and the far-reaching significance of rural grass-roots democracy to the construction of democratic politics in China's rural areas and even the whole country is analyzed.
In the third chapter, the author explores and analyzes the practice of rural grass-roots democracy construction under the system of "rural administration and village administration". To practice, that is, the state regulates villagers'autonomy by legal system construction, promotes villagers' autonomy by typical demonstration and deepens the historical process of villagers'autonomy by mechanism innovation, thus constituting the general course of the development of rural grassroots democracy under the system of "village administration and village administration".
Chapter Four explores the contradictions and conflicts between the state administrative power, the Party's leadership power and the villagers'autonomy arising from the process of democratic construction at the grass-roots level in the rural areas under the system of "township administration and village administration", and the "lag" of the self-construction of the various power subjects derived therefrom, and draws the conclusion that the predicament lies in the state power and the rural social power. The conclusion that Li's interaction is unbalanced.
In the fifth chapter, aiming at the structural obstacles of power in the process of rural grass-roots democratic political construction, this paper puts forward the system innovation scheme of democratic cooperation system, which promotes the growth of rural social forces by standardizing the authority and mode of administrative power entering rural society and the innovation of "village governance" mechanism, so as to form a country. Family strength and rural social forces jointly promote the development of grassroots democracy in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D422.6

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