法治视野下的政府职能转变

发布时间：2019-03-22 09:40

【摘要】： 改革开放以来,随着经济的发展,政治对经济的反作用日益明显,如何打造法治政府从而更好地为经济发展服务成了当务之急。加快转变政府职能、深化行政体制改革愈发引起党中央的重视,频频出现在各类党政资料中。而对于政府职能转变的理论研究却相对滞后,缺乏充分的实证数据以供参考,也缺乏宏观意义的论著论述加以概括。本文着力于对法治政府的法社会学分析,试图从党政资料、法律法规、案例实践中总结出我国政府职能转变的法治路径。法治包含多重涵义,既包括有完善的法律体系,又包括人人依法办事的良好秩序,以通过法律的手段实现对权利的保障和对权力的制约为目标。而经济基础决定上层建筑,由于经济体制的转变,我国政府职能的转变由以阶级斗争为纲转到经济建设上来,再由以注重经济建设为主转移到更加注重社会管理和公共服务职能。这一转变过程是否遵循法治的轨迹,需要对其现实基础、法律依据以及实践情况加以考察。经济政策的变迁、行政法律制度的形成与完善、行政司法过程中的思索与前进,每一步都渗透着我国政府职能转变的规则——以法律为依托,立法引导政府职能向规范化、纵深化转变；以权力制约为原则,放活市场、尊重人权,政府的服务职能不断强化。中西方传统、政治、经济、文化都有着本质的差异,政府职能的转变却是各个国家治理中关注的永恒话题。西方发达市民社会中的社会团体参与公共事务的先进经验我们可以借鉴,但更应该注重本土资源的挖掘和善用。我国政府职能的转变并没有照搬西方的模式,而是建立在行政执法与司法的困惑与反思之中,这种困惑与反思进一步推动了法治的进程。笔者认为,我国政府职能发展至今有其独有的转变方式,这种方式不同于其他任何一个国家,也不是依靠简单的嫁接和移植就能一蹴而就的。无论是步入社会主义道路还是社会主义政治体制下的市场经济尝试,都没有现成的经验可供参考,政府职能的转变同样是摸着石头过河的艰难探索。现实的需求呼吁立法的出台,而在制度不完善、技术不发达和转型期瞬息万变的时代背景下,只有实践后才能检验出立法的优劣；依法行政,需要自觉自发,也不可能短期内将根深蒂固的传统观念一次性根除。中国的政府职能就是在这样一个权利和权力的相互博弈中转变和平衡。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, with the development of economy, the reaction of politics to economy has become more and more obvious. How to build a government ruled by law so as to better serve the development of economy has become an urgent task. Speeding up the transformation of government functions and deepening the reform of the administrative system have attracted more and more attention from the CPC Central Committee and frequently appeared in all kinds of party and government materials. However, the theoretical research on the transformation of government functions is relatively lagged, lacking sufficient empirical data for reference, but also lack of macro-significance of the treatise to sum up. This paper focuses on the legal sociology analysis of the government ruled by law, and tries to sum up the path of the transformation of the function of the government by law from the party and government materials, laws and regulations, and case practice. The rule of law contains multiple meanings, including both a perfect legal system and a good order for everyone to act in accordance with the law, with the aim of realizing the protection of rights and restriction of power by means of law. And the economic base determines the superstructure. As a result of the transformation of the economic system, the transformation of the government's functions in China has shifted from class struggle to economic construction. Then shift from focusing on economic construction to pay more attention to social management and public service functions. Whether this transformation process follows the track of rule of law or not needs to examine its realistic basis, legal basis and practice. The changes of economic policy, the formation and perfection of the administrative legal system, the reflection and progress of the administrative judicial process, each step permeates the rules of the transformation of the governmental functions of our country-relying on the law, the legislation guides the governmental functions to be standardized. Deepening the transformation; Take the power restriction as the principle, let the market live, respect the human rights, the service function of the government strengthens ceaselessly. There are essential differences in tradition, politics, economy and culture between China and the West, but the change of government function is an eternal topic in the governance of every country. We can draw lessons from the advanced experience of social groups participating in public affairs in western developed civil society, but we should pay more attention to the excavation and optimal use of local resources. The transformation of government function in our country does not copy the western model, but is based on the confusion and reflection of administrative law enforcement and judicature, which further promote the process of rule of law. The author believes that the development of government function in China has its unique mode of transformation, which is different from any other country, and can not be achieved overnight by simple grafting and transplantation. There is no ready-made experience for reference whether to step into the socialist road or the attempt of market economy under the socialist political system. The transformation of government function is also a difficult exploration to cross the river with the help of stone. The realistic demand calls for the enactment of legislation, and under the background of imperfect system, underdeveloped technology and rapid change in transition period, only after practice can we test the merits and demerits of legislation; Administration by law requires self-determination, and it is impossible to eradicate ingrained traditional concepts once and for all in a short period of time. China's government functions are transformed and balanced in such a game of rights and powers.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D630.1

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