化学法制备中空二氧化硅微球及其与聚苯胺的复合

发布时间：2019-07-04 16:03

【摘要】：二氧化硅中空微球的研究是基于中空微球的优异性能而发展起来的。它是一种新型微粒材料,直径在纳米至数微米之间,具有密度低、强度高、比表面积大、稳定性好、化学组成及粒度可控等特点,它的内部中空结构使其具有独特的力学、光学、电学、声学和热学等性能。聚苯胺作为应用最为广泛的导电高分子之一,具有合成简便、较高电导率和较强电化学活性等优点,但是它特有的苯醌式刚性结构,使其在电化学反应过程中分子链容易断裂,导致电学性能降低和力学加工性能差等缺陷。本文采用化学法-反相微乳液法制备二氧化硅中空微球。首先以正硅酸已酯为硅源制备二氧化硅前驱体溶液,然后再通过二氧化硅前驱体在反相微乳液中形成的油包水“微水池”作为反应场所,二氧化硅前驱体以液体小液滴为核模板,在其表面通过催化剂的作用发生缩聚反应固化成壳。在反相微乳液体系中,采用单一乳化剂和助乳化剂相匹配的原则,通过控制水浴温度、pH值、前驱体水相与介质油相的比例,采用超声搅拌的方式,成功制备出粒径分布较均匀的二氧化硅中空微球。通过相差显微镜、SEM、红外、DTA和XRD等表征测试手段,对制备过程中的影响因素和最终的产品进行研究分析。本课题实验采用自制的二氧化硅中空微球作为基体材料,通过苯胺在其表面发生原位聚合,形成包覆二氧化硅微球的聚苯胺壳层,得到聚苯胺-二氧化硅中空微球复合材料。该新型复合材料,兼备了无机材料和有机材料的双重优点,既具备了二氧化硅中空微球低密度、高强度、流动性好、耐磨和物化性能稳定等优点,又具有聚苯胺的电化学活性,并且PANI-SiO2中空微球复合材料较单一相聚苯胺具有更好的电性能。可望在二次电池、电流变体、超级电容器和微电子器件电极的开发得到利用,拓展了在导电材料、吸波材料和催化剂载体等领域的应用。
文内图片：

图片说明：粉煤灰漂珠Fig.1-1Flyashfloatingbeads
[Abstract]:The research of silica hollow microspheres has been developed based on the excellent properties of hollow microspheres. The novel particulate material has the characteristics of low density, high strength, large specific surface area, good stability, chemical composition and controllable particle size, and the like, and has unique mechanical, optical, electrical, acoustic and thermal properties. The polyaniline is one of the most widely used conductive polymers, and has the advantages of simple and convenient synthesis, higher electrical conductivity and strong electrochemical activity, Resulting in poor electrical performance and poor mechanical processing performance. In this paper, a chemical-phase micro-emulsion method was used to prepare the hollow silica of silicon dioxide. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a silicon dioxide precursor solution by using orthosilicate as a silicon source, and then using a water-in-oil "micro-pool" formed in the reverse microemulsion by a silicon dioxide precursor as a reaction site, a plate which is cured by a polycondensation reaction on the surface of the plate by the action of a catalyst, in that invert micro-emulsion system, the principle of matching the single emulsifier and the co-emulsifier is adopt, the proportion of the water bath temperature, the pH value, the precursor aqueous phase and the medium oil phase is controlled, the ultrasonic agitation mode is adopted to successfully prepare the silica hollow micro-emulsion with the uniform particle size distribution, The influence factors and the final product in the preparation process were studied by means of phase contrast microscopy, SEM, IR, DTA and XRD. In this paper, a self-made silica hollow microsphere is used as the base material, and the polyaniline shell is formed by in-situ polymerization on the surface of the aniline through the aniline, so as to obtain the polyaniline-silicon dioxide hollow microsphere complex. The novel composite material has the advantages of low density, high strength, good fluidity, stable wear resistance and physical and chemical properties, and the like, The activity of PANI-SiO2 is better than that of single-phase polyaniline. The electric performance is expected to be utilized in the development of secondary battery, current variant, super capacitor and micro-electronic device electrode, and the fields of conducting material, wave-absorbing material and catalyst carrier are expanded.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：O613.72;O633.2

【参考文献】