茴香薄翅野螟抗毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯的初步研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 06:01

本文关键词： 茴香薄翅野螟毒死蜱高效氯氰菊酯抗性监测酶活性农药混配　出处：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：茴香薄翅野螟(Evergestis extimalis Scopoli)现已成为青海省油菜田主要害虫,而目前防治茴香薄翅野螟主要还是依赖于化学农药,长期大剂量喷施单一化学农药已导致该虫对大部分农药可能产生了抗药性,从而影响其防治效果。本研究就该害虫对12种防治常用杀虫剂的抗药性进行了监测,并初步探索了茴香薄翅野螟抗性产生的生理生化机制及抗性治理方案。研究结果如下:本文采用胃毒法在室内测定了12种杀虫剂对茴香薄翅野螟幼虫的毒力,结果表明:24h内阿维菌素、多杀菌素、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对茴香薄翅野螟表现出较强的毒力,其LC50值为4.1278-17.0079mg/L,而三唑磷、杀螟丹、杀虫单和丁醚脲表现出较低的毒力,其LC50值为10.2747-1612.4867mg/L;48h内阿维菌素、多杀菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和氯虫苯甲酰胺对茴香薄翅野螟表现出较高的毒力,其LC50值为0.4814-5.5995mg/L,三唑磷、杀螟丹、杀虫单、丁醚脲、乙酰甲胺磷表现出较低的毒力,其LC50值为8.3911-117.1618mg/L。2014-2016年,采用胃毒法室内监测了茴香薄翅野螟对12种杀虫剂的抗性变化情况,结果表明:处理后48h后,氯虫苯甲酰胺对茴香薄翅野螟表现出最高抗性水平,相对抗性倍数接近或者超过14;溴虫腈表现出最低抗性水平,相对抗性倍数接近或者低于1;阿维菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷和茚虫威的抗性水平均为增长趋势,其中阿维菌素和三唑磷相对抗性倍数分别从1.68和0.51增长到4.45和5.33;毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、多杀菌素、杀螟丹、杀虫单、溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺和丁醚脲的抗性水平为下降趋势,其中氯虫苯甲酰胺下降最明显,相对抗性倍数从14.10下降到0.45。后选取生产中常用的三种杀虫剂—毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素,分别研究了亚致死剂量处理对茴香薄翅野螟幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶和羧酸酯酶的活性变化影响。结果表明:亚致死剂量的毒死蜱处理72h,羧酸酯酶活性明显下降,由4.6911U/ml下降至0.0639U/ml;而谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶的活性显著升高,由27.9027U/ml升高至39.0653U/ml;乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性则没有明显变化;高效氯氰菊酯处理后,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性下降但不明显,羧酸酯酶活性先下降后又逐渐增强,谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶活性变化不大;阿维菌素处理后,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性明显下降,由0.3051U/ml下降至0.0804U/ml;谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶活性先增加后逐渐被抑制,羧酸酯酶活性随时间延长而明显升高,由0.4691U/ml上升至3.4178U/ml。由此可知,三种药剂的亚致死剂量均对茴香薄翅野螟靶标酶的活性产生了明显抑制作用,而对代谢酶活性则具有明显诱导作用。继续采用胃毒法测定了毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素3种常用杀虫剂混配后对茴香薄翅野螟的联合毒力。结果表明,在处理24h时,阿维菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L和阿维菌素+毒死蜱(0.31+0.42)mg/L对茴香薄翅野螟幼虫的毒力表现为增效作用,共毒系数分别为302.34和441.73,而高效氯氰菊酯+毒死蜱(0.74+0.42)mg/L表现为拮抗作用,共毒系数仅为1.19。处理48h后发现,阿维菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L、阿维菌素+毒死蜱(0.31+0.42)mg/L和高效氯氰菊酯+毒死蜱(0.74+0.42)mg/L混配均表现为增效作用,且共毒系数很大,分别为644.08、155.21和239.58,其中阿维菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L为最佳组合。
[Abstract]:Evergestis extimalis (Evergestis extimalis Scopoli) has become a major pest in Qinghai Province vegetable, and the prevention of evergestis extimalis mainly depends on chemical pesticides, long-term high-dose spraying chemical pesticides have resulted in the single worm may be resistant to most pesticides, thus affecting its control effect. This research on resistance 12 kinds of control pests to insecticides were monitored and studied the physiological and biochemical mechanism and resistance management program evergestis extimalis resistance. The results are as follows: the toxicity of 12 insecticides on evergestis extimalis larvae were determined in the laboratory by stomach toxicity test results showed that 24h in avermectin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on evergestis extimalis showed strong virulence, its LC50 value is 4.1278-17.0079mg/L, while the three Triazophos, cyanophos Shachongdan and Dan. Ding Miniao showed lower virulence, its LC50 value is 10.2747-1612.4867mg/L; 48h abamectin, spinosad, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole on evergestis extimalis showed high virulence, its LC50 value is three 0.4814-5.5995mg/L, Triazophos, cartap, monosultap, Diafenthiuron acephate, showed low virulence, its LC50 value is 8.3911-117.1618mg/L.2014-2016, the indoor monitoring evergestis extimalis resistance changes of 12 kinds of insecticides, the stomach poison method and the results show that after 48h, chlorantraniliprole on evergestis extimalis showed the highest resistance level, relative resistance multiples close to or more than 14; chlorfenapyr showed the lowest resistance level, the relative resistance ratio close to or less than 1; the resistance level of three abamectin, acephate, Triazophos and indoxacarb showed growth trend, including Abamectin And three Triazophos relative resistance factor respectively from 1.68 and 0.51 increased to 4.45 and 5.33; chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, spinosad, cartap, monosultap, chlorfenapyr, level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and Ding Miniao was decreased, the chlorantraniliprole decreased the most, relative the resistance ratio decreased from 14.10 to 0.45. after selecting three kinds of insecticide chlorpyrifos commonly used in the production of beta cypermethrin and abamectin were studied with sublethal dose of evergestis extimalis larvae of acetylcholinesterase, effects of glutathione -s- transferase and carboxylesterase activity. The results showed that the sublethal chlorpyrifos treatment 72h the dose of carboxylesterase activity decreased significantly, decreased from 4.6911U/ml to 0.0639U/ml; and glutathione -s- transferase activity was significantly increased, increased from 27.9027U/ml to 39.0653U/ml; acetylcholinesterase activity It has no obvious change; beta cypermethrin treatment, but not significantly decreased the activity of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase activity was gradually increased after the first drop, glutathione -s- transferase enzyme activity changed little; abamectin treatment, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased significantly, decreased from 0.3051U/ml to 0.0804U/ml; after the first increase gradually by the inhibition of enzyme activity of glutathione -s- shift, carboxylesterase activity increased as time increased, increased from 0.4691U/ml to 3.4178U/ml. so that the three insecticides sublethal doses were the subject of enzyme evergestis extimalis target activity have significant inhibitory effect, and have significant effect on the metabolic enzyme activity was determined by chlorpyrifos. Continue stomach poison method. Combined with the virulence of evergestis extimalis of beta cypermethrin and abamectin mixed with 3 insecticides. The results showed that at 24h, O Abamectin + cypermethrin and abamectin + (0.31+0.74) mg/L (0.31+0.42) mg/L on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos evergestis extimalis larvae showed a synergistic effect, the CO toxicity coefficient were 302.34 and 441.73, and beta cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos (0.74+0.42) mg/L showed antagonistic effect, the CO toxicity coefficient is only 1.19. 48h found that abamectin + cypermethrin (0.31+0.74) mg/L, (0.31+0.42) mg/L + abamectin chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos (0.74+0.42) mixed with mg/L showed a synergistic effect, and the CO toxicity coefficient, 644.08155.21 and 239.58 respectively, including abamectin + cypermethrin (0.31+0.74 mg/L) is the best combination.

【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.654

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