基于多源遥感数据的中蒙边境地区草原火实时监测

发布时间：2018-02-27 23:18

本文关键词： 多源遥感中蒙边境草原火监测　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,中蒙边境地区蒙古国境内频繁出现草原火,火借西北风经常蔓延至我国境内,严重威胁我国牧区草原生态及社会安全。本研究以中蒙边境地区的草原火为研究对象,利用多源遥感数据(Himawari8/AHI、NOAA/AVHRR、FY-3/VIRR与Landsat8/OLI以及NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR火点判识数据),通过实例分析的方法对草原火进行实时监测。结果表明:采用的多源遥感数据中,Himawari8/AHI数据有时间分辨率高、覆盖范围广等特征。NOAA/AVHRR数据的时间分辨率也较高。经过分析发现以上两个数据对火点提取灵敏度非常高,因此将此两个数据主要运用在火点监测当中。而FY-3/VIRR影像虽然空间分辨率较低,但在辨别过火区上较为准确。Landsat8/OLI数据空间分辨率最高,对地物反映较精准,并且处理步骤简单,因此以上两种数据应用在过火区提取中。从而综合利用以上多源遥感数据,在时空分辨率上加密监测火点,将火点监测的时间分辨率由逐日提高到逐时,由逐时提高到逐分。空间分辨率由2km提高到1km,再由1km提高到500m,再由500m提高至30m。因此可以更加准确地监测到火点的移动、更全面地了解到草原火的蔓延方向、蔓延速度及过火区的变化。为验证多源数据遥感数据的实时监测方法,以2016年3月29、30日在我国东乌珠穆沁旗发生的草原火为例子进行实例分析。结果表明,29日03:20分首次监测到火点,大概位置在东经116°47′-116°52′,北纬46°22′-46°17′范围内,直到09:20分火烧由西北向东南方向延伸,总过火区面积达230 km~2,过火区大体在东经116°48′-117°12′,北纬46°20′-46°6′范围内。3月30日04:00分首次监测到火点,具体位置在东经117°7′-117°11′,北纬46°20′-46°6′之间。到09:30分火烧由西向东蔓延,此时的监测结果是过火区343.27km~2,明火区面积达35.84km~2。而最终提取到的整个过火面积达733.17km~2,范围是在东经116°50′-117°40′之间,北纬46°22′-46°5′之间。将实例火灾监测结果与火灾发生区域的部分气象要素、环境要素信息以及NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR两种全球火点产品数据相结合对案例分析结果进行评价。结果表明,实时监测的结果,如火灾的移动方向、移动路径以及过火区面积轮廓的形成都与当时的风向风速与周围环境实际情况相吻合,也与火点产品(NPP/VIIRS Active Fire、FY-3/VIRR)数据所监测到的火点位置相一致。并且多源多时相数据间的相互检验以及高时间分辨率数据的利用可知此实时方法监测方法精度高、时效性强、与实际情况吻合度高。因此利用多源卫星遥感数据实时监测草原火灾的方法对开展草原火灾实时监测和快速评估工作提供有效的技术支撑,并对政府及相关部门的扑火工作具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Sino Mongolian border areas of the territory of Mongolia frequent prairie fire, the fire by northwest wind often spread to China, a serious threat to grassland ecological and social security in our country. In this study, the Sino Mongolian border areas of grassland fire as the research object, using multi-source remote sensing data (Himawari8/AHI, NOAA/AVHRR, FY-3/VIRR and Landsat8/OLI and NPP/VIIRS Active Fire, FY-3/VIRR fires identification data), through the example analysis method for real-time monitoring of grassland fire. The results show that the multi-source remote sensing data used in Himawari8/AHI data with time resolution of high time resolution, wide coverage of.NOAA/AVHRR data is higher. The analysis found that more than two of the data is very high fire detection sensitivity, so the two data are mainly used in fire monitoring. And although the low spatial resolution FY-3/VIRR images, but in between Burned area accurately the highest spatial resolution of.Landsat8/OLI data, to reflect the object more accurate, and simple processing steps, so the above two kinds of data used in the burned area extraction. Thus more comprehensive use of multi-source remote sensing data, encryption monitoring points in the fire resolution, the fire monitoring by the time resolution to improve daily hourly from the hourly, to gradually. The spatial resolution is increased from 2km to 1km, and then increased from 1km to 500m, and then increased from 500m to 30m. so you can more accurately monitor the mobile fire point, a more comprehensive understanding to the direction of spread of grassland fire spread, change speed and burned area for real time. The monitoring method of multi-source remote sensing data validation data, in March 2016 29,30 in China in the East Ujimqin grassland fire for example is analyzed. The results showed that 29 03:20 for the first time to monitor the fire point, probably Position in longitude 116 degrees 47 '-116' 52 degrees, 46 degrees north latitude 22 degrees 17 '-46' range, until the 09:20 fire from the northwest to southeast direction, the total burned area of 230 km~2, burned area in roughly 116 degrees east longitude 48 degrees 12 '' -117 20 ', north latitude 46 degrees -46 degrees 6' in the range of.3 30 04: 00 points for the first time to monitor the fire point, the specific location of the longitude 117 degrees 11 degrees 7 '-117', between latitude 46 degrees 20 '-46 6' to 09:30 degrees. The fire spread from west to East, the monitoring results the burned area 343.27km~2, area of fire 35.84km~2. and end up in the burned area of 733.17km~2, in the range between 116 degrees east longitude 50 degrees 40 '-117', '-46 between 46 degrees north latitude 22 degrees 5'. The monitoring results of fire cases and fire area of some meteorological factors, environmental factors and information NPP/VIIRS Active Fire FY-3/VIRR, with two global the fire point data. The case analysis results were evaluated. The results show that the real-time monitoring results, such as the moving direction of the fire and burned area, the moving path of contour shape and wind speed at the time of the Chengdu and the surrounding environment is consistent with actual situation, fire products (NPP/VIIRS Active Fire, FY-3/VIRR) consistent fire location data monitoring to check each other. And the accuracy of multi-source and multi temporal data and the use of the high time resolution data real-time monitoring method of this method is high, strong timeliness, highly consistent with the actual situation. So the method of using multi-source satellite remote sensing data real-time monitoring of grassland fire to provide effective technical support to carry out real-time monitoring and grassland fire rapid assessment work, and has a certain guiding significance for the government and relevant departments of the fire fighting work.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.6

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