长白山阔叶红松林群落树种关联及演替特征的研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 09:04

本文选题：长白山　切入点：阔叶红松林　出处：《北华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以长白山林区四个山系的598块样地为研究对象,利用不同树种与先锋树种组、顶位树种组的相似性指数,推算树种的顶级适应值。同时根据树种顶级适应值计算出不同群落的演替值,并根据群落演替值对群落进行了演替阶段的划分,对不同演替阶段群落的主要特征作了简要分析。主要得出以下研究结果:(1)随着样方面积的增大,负联结种对数减少、正联结种对数增多,种对关系发生极显著变化的是在10m×10m尺度上。10m×10m可以作为两树种种间关系的最优尺度。(2)利用幼树(苗)间树种的相似性指数推算树种的顶级适应值,白桦、山杨、落叶松等阳性树种顶级适应值为1,红松、臭松等极耐阴性树种为10,过渡树种分布在1-10之间,根据其顶级适应值的大小也可从侧面比较树种在群落中耐阴性、稳定性、更新等特征。(3)不论是蒙古栎林到阔叶红松林的演替还是落叶松、白桦、山杨等到阔叶红松林的演替变化,都反映出先锋树种先侵入后被春榆、胡桃楸、水曲柳等过渡树种替代最后形成以红松、臭松等为主的针阔混交林的变化趋势。(4)群落演替阶段按群落的演替值可分为四个阶段(前期、中前期、中后期、后期),前期主要森林群落类型为落叶松林、白桦林、山杨林和以这些树种为主的混交林。中前期为蒙古栎林、以蒙古栎为主的混交林,春榆、胡桃楸等树种相继出现,中后期是以紫椴、色木槭等过渡树种为主的混交林。后期为以红松、臭松等为优势种的针阔混交林或纯林。(5)随演替的进行,先锋树种更新数量、重要值、蓄积比、多度比等指标与顶位树种呈相反变化趋势,先锋树种为倒J型分布,顶位树种呈J型分布趋势,过渡树种变化趋势为单峰模型且不同树种出现峰值的阶段不同。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 598 plots of four mountain lines in Changbai Mountain Forest region were studied, and the similarity index of different tree species, pioneer tree groups and top tree groups was used. At the same time, the succession values of different communities were calculated according to the top adaptive values of tree species, and the succession stages of the communities were divided according to the community succession values. The main characteristics of communities in different succession stages were briefly analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1) with the increase of sample area, the logarithm of negative associative species decreased and the logarithm of positive associative species increased. The most significant change in the relationship between species is that on the scale of 10m 脳 10m. 10m 脳 10m can be used as the optimal scale of the relationships between two trees. (2) using the similarity index of young trees (seedlings) to calculate the top adaptive value of tree species, Bai Hua, mountain poplar, The top adaptive value of positive tree species such as larch is 1, that of Korean pine and Pinus odorifera is 10, and that of transition tree species is between 1-10. According to the magnitude of its top fitness value, the tolerance and stability of tree species in the community can also be compared from the side. Whether the succession of Mongolian oak forest to broad-leaved Korean pine forest or larch, Bai Hua and Populus davidiana until the succession change of broad-leaved Korean pine forest, all reflect the vanguard tree species invading first and then being invaded by spring elm, Juglans mandshurica (Juglans mandshurica). The changing trend of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, such as Pinus koraiensis, Pinus odorifera, etc., was formed by substitution of transitional tree species such as Fraxinus mandshurica and so on. In the later stage, the main forest community types were larch forest, birch forest, mountain Yang Lin and mixed forest with these species. In the middle and early stage, Mongolian oak forest, mixed forest with Mongolian oak, spring elm, Juglans mandshurica, etc. The middle and late stage is mixed forest with transitional tree species such as Tilia amurensis, Acer maple, etc. The later stage is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest or pure forest with Pinus koraiensis and Pinus odorifera as dominant species.) with succession, the number, important value and accumulation ratio of vanguard species are renewed. The index of abundance ratio is opposite to that of the top tree species. The vanguard tree species is the inverted J type distribution, the top tree species is the J type distribution trend, the transition tree species change trend is the single peak model and the different tree species appear the peak stage.
【学位授予单位】：北华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5

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