鸟类宿主身体大小和食性对羽虱感染率和感染强度的影响

发布时间：2018-03-06 12:47

本文选题：羽虱　切入点：森林鸟类　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：寄生是一个成功的生活方式,已知的动物约50%都是寄生虫。寄生虫影响着它们宿主生活史的方方面面。羽虱(昆虫纲:虱毛目)是鸟类丰富的体表寄生虫,它们非常适应于宿主的体表,在它们短暂的生命中很少离开宿主。目前,世界上已知的羽虱有5500多种,多数羽虱展现了高度的宿主专一性,是研究宿主——寄生虫协同进化(coevolution)的重要模型。目前,中国有关羽虱寄生虫的研究数据比较缺乏,为调查中国羽虱寄生虫的物种多样性、分布、感染特征,以及验证宿主的形态特征与羽虱寄生虫感染率、感染强度之间的关系,2012年7月至2016年6月期间,我们用雾网在中国的7省19个地点网捕到2210只鸟(属于8目,45科,215种),对它们进行体表寄生虫的检查,将采集到的部分羽虱制成玻片标本,并对其中186只鸟(6目24科79种)感染的羽虱进行进行形态鉴定。主要研究结果如下:(1)共36科117种鸟感染羽虱,总感染率为28.1%(622/2210),总平均感染丰度为2.4,总平均感染强度为8.4。雀形目的104种603只鸟感染羽虱,非雀形目的13种19只感染羽虱。(2)羽虱鉴定结果为2亚目3科17属,37种鉴定到种,其中28种羽虱为国内首次记录,10种羽虱发现新的宿主。(3)在宿主科间,羽虱感染率变化由啄木鸟科无感染至阔嘴鸟科83.1±6.2%,存在显著差异(χ2=38.096,df=16,p = 0.001)。羽虱感染率在宿主种间也存在显著性差异(χ2=47.274,df=29,p = 0.017),银胸丝冠鸟(Serilophus lunatus)感染率最高。(4)羽虱平均感染丰度(χ2=10.9,df=11,p0.001)和平均感染强度(χ2=29.8,df=11,= 0.002)在宿主物种间具有显著差异。(5)在气候带间(χ2=5.940,df=3,p = 0.115)、留鸟与迁徙鸟间(Mann-Whitney U test,U = 203.00,p = 0.128).羽虱感染率无显著性差异,但是宿主的食性对羽虱感染有显著影响(χ2=8.759,df= 2,p = 0.013),食虫鸟的羽虱感染率最低(23.2±3.1%)。(6)羽虱感染率与宿主的体重显著正相关(r = 0.356,p = 0.008);平均感染强度与宿主体重显著正相关(r = 0.292,p = 0.032),与喙长无显著相关(r = 0.193,p= 0.162)。
[Abstract]:Parasitism is a successful way of life. About 50% animals are known to be parasites. Parasites affect all aspects of their host's life cycle. They are very adapted to the host's body surface and rarely leave their host during their short life. At present, there are more than 5,500 species of feather lice known in the world, and most of them exhibit a high degree of host specificity. It is an important model to study the coevolution of host parasites. At present, there is a lack of data on the parasites in China. In order to investigate the species diversity, distribution and infection characteristics of the parasites in China, And to verify the relationship between the host's morphological characteristics and the infection rate and intensity of the parasites, from July 2012 to June 2016, We used fog nets to catch 2210 birds (215 species belonging to 45 families, 45 families, 8 orders) in 19 locations in 7 provinces of China. We examined them for parasites on the body surface and made some of them into glass slides. Six hundred and eighty-six species (24 families, 79 species) were identified. The main results were as follows: 1) 36 families, 117 species of birds were infected with feather lice. The total infection rate was 28.1R / 2210m, the total average infection abundance was 2.4. the total average infection intensity was 8.4.The results showed that 104 species 603 birds of the order finestes were infected with feather lice, 19 species from 13 species of non-lentiles were infected with feather lice, and 37 species belonging to 17 genera and 3 families of 2 suborders were identified. Among them, 28 species were first recorded in China and 10 species were discovered as new hosts. The infection rate of feather lice varied from non-infection in woodpecker to 83.1 卤6.2in the family Braconidae, and there was a significant difference (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (38.096) d ~ (f1) ~ (16) p = 0.001). There was also a significant difference in infection rate among host species (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (47.274) d ~ (ffc29) p = 0.017, Serilophus lunatus.).) the average infection rate of feather lice was the highest. There was significant difference in abundance (蠂 ~ 2 + 10.9 ~ (10. 9) d ~ (fl) 11p 0.001) and average infection intensity (蠂 ~ 2 ~ (29. 8) d ~ (fl) ~ (11) = 0.002) between host species (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (5.940) d ~ (fl) ~ 3p = 0.115). There was no significant difference in the infection rate of Mann-Whitney U testU = 203.00 (p = 0.128) between resident and migratory birds. However, the host's diet had a significant effect on the infection of feather lice (蠂 ~ (2) 8.759 ~ (df) = 2p = 0.013 ~ (p)). The infection rate of feather lice in insectivorous birds was the lowest (23.2 卤3.1). There was a significant positive correlation between the infection rate of feather lice and the host's body weight (r = 0.356p = 0.008), and the average infection intensity was positively correlated with the host's body weight. R = 0.292, p = 0.032, no significant correlation with beak length, r = 0.193, p = 0.162.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.9

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