日语授受动词与汉语“给”“得到”的对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 23:10

本文关键词： 授受动词给得到视角方向性　出处：《吉林大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “授受动词”是日语的一大特色,其用法颇为复杂。在对现代日语语法的研究中,很多专家学者都对日语授受动词作了深入细致的研究。日本学者迄今为止的研究中多是从“视角”、“方向性”、“恩惠性”等方面来加以论述的。汉语言研究中对于日语授受动词的研究也是一个重要的命题,只不过汉语没有给这类词确定一个总概念。这两者之间存在着形态上,使用上的异同,本文主要探讨了这两者产生异同的原因,以及在汉日语言的翻译中应如何注意这些差异并准确转换。本文分“授受动词”和“授受补助动词”两大部分,分别从概念、句子结构、语义特征、对间接宾语的限制和表敬方式五个方面与汉语的“给”、“得到”进行了对比分析。主要结论如下: 由于被“视角”、“方向性”和“恩惠性”这些特性所制约,日语的授受动词语义是固定的,狭义的。而汉语则不受“视角”、“方向性”和“恩惠性”这些特性的制约,语义是不定的,广义的。日语授受动词句中,日语具有语序不影响语句的功能,接受者(给与者)及助词所组成的文节可以与所授受(给与)的事物及助词所组成的文节互换位置,而汉语的“给”“得到”句则不可以。
[Abstract]:"the verb of teaching and receiving" is a major feature of Japanese, and its usage is quite complicated. In the study of the grammar of modern Japanese. Many experts and scholars have made a thorough and meticulous study on Japanese teaching and accepting verbs. So far, most of the Japanese scholars' studies have been from the "angle of view" and "directionality". In the study of Chinese language, it is also an important proposition to study the Japanese teaching and accepting verbs. However, Chinese does not define a general concept for this kind of words. There are similarities and differences in morphology and use between the two words. This paper mainly discusses the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two words. And how to pay attention to these differences and convert them accurately in the translation of Chinese and Japanese languages. This paper is divided into two parts: "giving and receiving verbs" and "giving supplementary verbs", respectively, from five aspects: concept, sentence structure, semantic features, restrictions on indirect objects and ways of expressing respect, and "giving" in Chinese. The main conclusions are as follows: Restricted by the characteristics of "visual angle", "directionality" and "favor", the meaning of teaching verb in Japanese is fixed and narrow sense, while Chinese is not subject to "angle of view". The restriction of the characteristics of "directionality" and "favor" is indeterminate and generalized. Japanese language has the function that word order does not affect the sentence. The section composed of receiver (giver) and auxiliary word can swap the position with the given (given) thing and auxiliary word. But the sentence "give" and "get" in Chinese is not allowed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H364

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