“か”“は”的基本用法与省略

发布时间：2018-02-24 06:28

  本文关键词： “名词格” “无助词” “が” “は” “省略”　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：众所周知,日语是黏着语。日语中的名词只有和助词结合之后才能作句子成分。从句法学的角度来看,这种名词和助词结合之后所构成的句子成分称其为“名词格”或“名词的格形式”。但是在口语中常常可以看到名词后面不附加助词也可以做句子成分、表达意义的现象,其中“が”和“は”省略所构成的“裸格”现象,既是语法研究的难题之一,也是争论的焦点。因此,本论文以“‘が’、‘は’的基本用法与省略”为题,从用法的角度出发来叙述“が”、“は”可以省略的情况以及不可以省略的情况等问题。格助词“が”具有以下四种用法:(1)位于主格位置,表示动作、存在、状态、变化的主体;(2)表示感情、愿望、评价以及能力的对象;(3)位于“NはNが句型”中的“が”包括两种类型:一种是表示对象的“が”,另一种是表示部分的“が”;(4)表示排他含义。其中常常可以看到表示主体以及对象的“が”被省略的现象。相反,由于表示部分的“が”其排他含义比较强烈,所以不能省略。同时,表示排他用法的“が”包括“…のが”、“…がいちばん”、“…のほうが”等句型,由于这些句型其特定含义较强,所以表示排他用法的“が”是不可以被省略的。提示助词“は”具有提示主题的功能。具有提示主题功能的“は”是可以被省略的。除此之外,“は”还具有对比的功能,其中包括主题(主格)的对比用法、补语的对比用法、宾语的对比用法以及对象语的对比用法等内容,而表示对比用法的“は”是不可以被省略的。本论文以简练易懂的语言从用法的角度出发来叙述“が”、“は”可以省略的情况以及不可以省略的情况等问题,以此来说明“が”和“は”用法的不同之处。通过本论文所叙述的内容能为日语教育提供一些帮助,也为自己今后的研究打下良好的基础。
[Abstract]:As we all know, Japanese is a sticky language. Nouns in Japanese can only be used as sentence components after they are combined with auxiliary words. The sentence elements formed by the combination of nouns and auxiliary words refer to them as "noun case" or "noun case form". However, in spoken English, we can often see that nouns can also be used as sentence elements to express meaning without adding auxiliary words to nouns. The phenomenon of "nudity" formed by the ellipsis of "Li" and "Li" is not only one of the difficult problems in grammatical research, but also the focus of debate. From the point of view of usage, this paper narrates the situation that "Hu", "Hu" can be omitted and the situation that can not be omitted. The auxiliary word "Hu" has the following four usages: 1) in the position of subject case, indicating action, existence, state, etc. The main body of change is emotion, desire, The object of evaluation and capability, named "Li", includes two types: one is to represent the "Li" of the object, and the other is to represent the partial "Li" (4) for exclusivity. The table is often seen in it. The phenomenon that the subject and the object's "Li" are omitted. On the contrary, Because of the strong exclusive meaning of the "Li" in the representation part, it cannot be omitted. At the same time, the "Li", "鈥，

本文编号：1529218