现代日语容器指向动词的认知语义研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 12:08

  本文选题：动词语义　切入点：容器意象图式　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究是关于现代日语中容器指向动词语义范畴的认知研究。所谓日语容器指向动词是指基于人的三维空间认知经验,结合时间维度,像「徏む」、「入れる」、「溢れる」、「こぼす」、「出す」等具有容器指向性语义特征、表示出入容器内部事件的动词。与日语中其它类别动词不同,日语容器指向动词具有独特的语义特征。本研究参阅中日日语语言学研究领域最新的研究成果,吸收新的语言学理论及研究方法,以认知语义学的意象图式理论、框架语义学理论、构式语法理论和事件结构理论为依据,界定了现代日语容器指向动词的范畴属性、下位分类,并构建了现代日语容器指向动词的理论框架和动词体系。同时,借助日语语料库的大量语料,运用描写与解释、归纳与演绎相结合等方法,实证分析了现代日语容器指向动词的意象图式特征、语义框架要素与结构、动词的语义特征及所在句式的句法表征,总结归纳了动词语义生成的认知基础和语义要素投射到句法上的一般性规律。通过分析和论证,本研究得出以下结论:现代日语容器指向动词以相对参照框架为参照基准,以容器内部为参照点,依据目标物和容器的位置关系,表达物体出入容器事件各时间点的不同事态,具有容器内部指向性语义特征。在语言表达中,人们对于事件的认知往往遵循时间和行为的发展序列,动词和句法形式的选择取决于说话人关注事态的不同侧面,即视点的配置影响着说话人对于事态的表达方式。“日语终点指向容器动词”用于描述说话人关注目标物移入容器过程中呈现出的事态,是表示物体在自力或外力作用下由容器外部移入容器内部的位置变化、终点指向为容器内部、且使容器内部状态发生变化的动词。动词的语义特征为具有有界性、位置变化性和状态变化性,移动的终点是容器或容器隐喻事物。表示终点的格标记的优先选择序列为「ニ」格「へ」格「マデ」格。根据力的性质可分为自移主体位置变化动词和致移客体位置变化动词,移动主体或移动客体的位置变化性特征显著。容器内部状态变化特征常为内隐属性,根据语境需要可浮现于句式中。“日语容器内指向动词”用于描述说话人关注目标物在容器内部时呈现出的事态,表示物体在容器内部从无到有或从有到无的状态变化以及量的增减变化过程。动词最显著的语义特征是量性特征,根据量性特征的性质把动词分为具有“相对静态”量性特征的动词和具有“相对动态”量性特征的动词。动词的量性特征对句法结构产生一定制约和影响,在容器内部的物体量达到最大值(充满)或最小值(近于零)时,容器更容易被凸显出来,表示容器语义角色的名词性成分常用作主语;容器内部物体的量处于最大值与最小值之间时,容纳物容易被凸显,表示容纳物语义角色的名词性成分多为主语。“日语起点指向容器动词”用于描述说话人关注目标物移出容器过程中呈现的事态,表现物体以容器内部作为移动起点,在自力或外力的作用下由容器内部向容器外部移动,使容器内部状态发生改变的事态。动词显著的语义特征为移动的起点是容器或容器隐喻事物、具有位置变化性和状态变化性,表示起点的格标记优先选择「カラ」格。根据力的性质和致使性语义特征,动词可分为“致使移动动词”、“致使变化动词”、“非致使移动动词”、“非致使变化动词”,其中“致使移动动词”和“非致使移动动词”位置变化性特征显著,句式中有表示起点和终点的格成分「カラ」格和「ニ」格;“致使变化动词”和“非致使变化动词”状态变化性特征显著,不凸显移动性。“日语反身性容器指向动词”具有反身性语义特征,动词选择「ヲ」格作为表示施动对象的格标记,能表现能量由动作主体传递到动作客体最终回到动作主体的能量循环过程。当动作过程有两个参与者时,动作客体有移出或移入动作主体的位置变化性;当动作过程只有一个参与者时,动作施予对象是动作主体的产生物或所属物,不含有移动性。上述两种情况的句法投射格式尽管都是「~ガ/ハ~ヲV」,但是后者「ヲ」格名词性成分与动词常常构成语义关系紧密的词组或惯用形式。本研究对多义动词「溢れる」展开个案研究,论证了动词「溢れる」的容器内部指向性和容器起点指向性语义特征及其在句式中的动态变化关系,并阐释了?N1+あふれる+N2?结构是由源结构「N_2(Y)ガ/ハN_1(X)ニV」转变而来,动词「あふれる」的语义由事件范畴转变为属性范畴的词汇化演变轨迹。目前,以容器意象图式为认知基础的日语动词语义研究尚未形成系统、完善的体系,尽管已有许多关于「出す」等动词的个案研究,但还有待深入挖掘。本研究构建了表示出入容器事件的动词体系框架,试图从人的认知经验出发探求动词的语义特点及其在语言表达上的投射规律,以对目前日语动词语义理论研究进行补充。
[Abstract]:This study is the study on cognition of container in modern Japanese toward verbs semantic categories. The so-called Japanese vessels to the verb refers to the three-dimensional space based on human cognitive experience, combined with the dimension of time, like "better appreciate", "enter in terms", "overflow in terms", "I'm", "Japanese" etc. a container with a point of semantic features, and said internal event container. Unlike other types of verb verbs in Japanese, Japanese verbs with semantic features unique to the container. The latest research achievements in the field of research on Japanese Linguistics refer to the linguistic theory, absorption and new research methods, image schema theory of cognitive semantics, frame semantics, grammar and event structure theory, defines the Category attribute, pointing to the modern Japanese vessel verb sub classification. And build a modern container to Japanese verbs The theoretical framework and the verb system. At the same time, with the help of a large corpus of Japanese Corpus, the use of description and explanation, inductive and deductive methods, empirical analysis of the characteristics of modern Japanese vessels to the image schema of verbs, semantic elements and syntactic representation framework structure, verb semantic features and the sentence, summarizes the semantics of verbs the cognitive basis and semantic elements onto the general rules of syntax. Through analysis and demonstration, this paper draws the following conclusions: Modern Japanese vessels to verbs relative to the reference frame as the reference datum, the inside of the container as a reference point, on the basis of position between the object and the container, the expression of different things and events in each container object at the same time, the internal container having directivity semantic features. In the language, the development sequence of events for people tend to follow the cognitive time and for the The verb, and syntactic form depends on the choice of speaker focus on separate aspects of the situation, namely view configuration affects the expression of the speaker situation. "End point to the container for the Japanese verb" the matter showing concern the object into the container to describe speaker in the process, is the representation of an object in the self or external force from the exterior of the container in the change of position of the container, pointing to the end point inside the container, and the container internal state change verbs. The semantic features of verbs with boundedness, position change and change of state, the mobile end point is a metaphor container or container. Said preference sequence of case marking the end point "Ni" "what" "lattice lattice design". According to the properties of magnet lattice force can be divided into self moving subject position and object position shift caused by changes of verb verb, mobile agent or mobile object The characteristics of position change significantly. The internal state of the container changes often implicit attributes, according to the context needs to be surfaced in the sentence. "The Japanese vessel to the verb" to describe the target speaker attention appeared in the inside of the container when the situation in the internal representation of an object or container from scratch from there to the state change and change the amount of change in the process. The most significant is the quantity of the semantic features of verbs, according to the nature of the quantitative feature of the verb into a "static" quantity feature of verb and verb has relatively dynamic quantitative characteristics. The quantitative feature of verbs have certain restriction and the influence of the syntactic structure, object the amount in the container reaches the maximum value (full) or minimum value (close to zero), the container is more likely to be highlighted, said container semantic role noun is used as the subject; internal container The object at the maximum value and minimum value, the contents can be highlighted, said noun semantic roles to accommodate the subject. "The starting point to the container of Japanese verb" to describe the present speaker attention object removed from the container in the process of the situation, the object inside the container as a starting point to move in, or self under the action of external force to move by the container internal to the outside of the container, the container internal state change situation. Significant semantic features of the verbs as the starting point of a movement is a metaphor container or container, with position change and change of state, said the case marking preferred form of lumira "starting point". According to the nature and power grid the semantic features of the verb can be divided into the "cause", resulting in the change of motion verbs "verb", "non causative verb movement", "non causative verb", which "causing the shift Verb "and" non causative verb movement "position change marked sentence said" the starting point and end point lattice components Dhaka lumira "and" Ni "lattice;" cause verb "and" non causative change features of the verbs "were not prominent" Japanese reflexive mobility. The container has a reflexive verb to verb semantic features, "" said the lattice as case marking objects, can show the energy transfer from the action subject to the energy recycling process will eventually return to the main object of movement. When the action action process of two participants, action object has a position change of out of or into action the main course of action; when only one participant, action object is subject to produce or the material, does not contain mobility. These two kinds of syntactic projection are "format although gas / Harbin. ~ V ", but the latter" "lattice nominal composition and verb semantic relations often close phrases or a conventional form. This study conducts a case study on Polysemous verbs in terms of" overflow ", demonstrates the verb" overflow "in terms of internal container and container directional starting point characteristic and the dynamic meaning of language the change in the type of relationship, and explains the examples in terms of +N2? N1+ thou? Structure is composed of source structure" N_2 (Y) gas / Harbin N_1 (X) V "second changes, semantic verb" examples in terms of vocabulary "looked that the transition from event category attribute category evolution trajectory. At present, the research of Japanese verb semantic in container image schema cognitive basis has not yet formed a system, perfect system, even though there are many about the" Case Study on "verb, but have yet to dig. This study established a verb frame entry container events, test From the perspective of human cognitive experience, we explore the semantic features of verbs and their projection rules in language expression, so as to supplement the current research on the semantics of Japanese verbs.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36
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本文编号：1593265