中日模糊限定语的对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-05 05:02

本文选题：模糊限定语　切入点：分类　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语和日语中都存在着大量的模糊限定语。中曰模糊限定语在分类、语义、语用方面有着广泛的共通点，也有许多不同之处。本文围绕两大问题对中曰模糊限定语进行了对比分析，一是从词性分类、语义、语用这三个角度分析中日模糊限定语的异同作用；二是分析中日两国模糊限定语产生的异同原因。针对第一个问题，即从词性分类、语义、语用这三个角度分析中日模糊限定语的异同作用，分析得出结果如下：从词性分类和语义方面来看，中日模糊限定语共通点如下：种类丰富、词性范围广。副词、助词、概数词、短语四个构成部分都是共有的。并且，副词发挥模糊限定语作用这点在两种语言中都非常突出。在语义作用上都有去模糊化和模糊化的作用。不同点如下：词性上来看，汉语和日语中各有特殊的分类。如，日语中有形式体言、副助词、助动词、连语这四项，汉语里有动词、情态动词、形容词这三项；日语里虚词多而汉语中实词多；从总数上来看，日语中模糊限定语的数量也比汉语多。语义上来看，曰语中模糊限定语的用量比汉语大，词语更丰富，使用起来更复杂。从语用上看，中日模糊限定语的共通点是两者都遵循合作原则、礼仪原则、适当原则，有着促进交流的作用。就不同点而言，日语中使用频率比汉语高；在语用的消极作用方面略有差异，在因使用模糊限定语而削弱自己的主张这点上日语比较突出，而在因使用模糊限定语而夸大其词方面汉语比较突出。最后，日语的语言构造本身比较复杂，对于外国人来说相对难以理解。针对第二个问题，即分析中日两国模糊限定语产生的异同原因，分析得出结果如下：中曰模糊限定语有共通之处的原因在于：首先，中日两国都是世界公认的“礼仪之邦”，两国人民在生活及语言表达各方面都很注重委婉．其次，两国模糊限定语的使用都出于“顾虑他人”和“保护自己”这两个动机。最后，两国的模糊流行也是原因之一。共通点的深层原因可以说是两国对委婉文化的推崇。而两国模糊限定语存在差异的原因，归因于中日两国历史地理差异、社会环境差异、文化差异、民族心理差异、语言差异这五点。历史地理差异是指，日本是岛国而中国是大陆国家，日语相对于大陆性的汉语而言具有“柔软性”，以心传心的技术十分发达。社会环境差异是指，由于日本的村落社会意识和集团主义发达，交流时更加注重用模糊限定语来保持和谐。文化差异是指，日本有着朦胧的审美情趣，十分重视听话人的感受。民族心理差异是指，日本延续着“娇宠”心理和受害意识，为了和周围融为一体而喜爱用委婉表达。语言差异是指，日语作为黏着语，重注语句间的关联性，，尽量避免断定的语言；而汉语作为孤立语，主谓构造鲜明严密，一目了然。总结起来，日语比汉语的委婉度高，更多地使用模糊限定语。
[Abstract]:There are a lot of hedges in both Chinese and Japanese.There are many similarities and differences in classification, semantics and pragmatics.This paper makes a contrastive analysis of the Chinese and Japanese hedges around two major problems. One is to analyze the similarities and differences between the Chinese and Japanese hedges from the three angles of part of speech classification, semantics and pragmatics.The second is to analyze the differences and similarities between China and Japan.Aiming at the first problem, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese hedges from the three angles of part of speech classification, semantics and pragmatics. The results are as follows: from the aspect of part of speech classification and semantics,The common points of Chinese and Japanese vague qualifiers are as follows: rich variety and wide range of parts of speech.Adverbs, auxiliary words, general words and phrases are all common parts.Moreover, adverbs play an important role in both languages.The semantic function has the function of defuzzification and fuzzification.The differences are as follows: part of speech, Chinese and Japanese have a special classification.For example, in Japanese there are four items: formal body words, auxiliary words, auxiliary verbs, and connectives; in Chinese, there are verbs, modal verbs and adjectives; there are more function words in Japanese and more notional words in Chinese; in terms of the total number of words,There are also more hedges in Japanese than in Chinese.Semantically speaking, the quantity of vague qualifiers in Japanese is larger than that in Chinese, and the words are more abundant and more complicated to use.From the pragmatic point of view, the common point of Chinese and Japanese hedges is that both of them follow the principles of cooperation, etiquette and propriety, and play a role in promoting communication.In terms of differences, Japanese is used more frequently than Chinese, and there is a slight difference in the negative effects of pragmatics, and Japanese is more prominent in weakening its claims because of the use of vague qualifiers.Chinese is more prominent in exaggerating words because of the use of vague qualifiers.Finally, the language structure of Japanese itself is complex, relatively difficult for foreigners to understand.In view of the second question, that is, to analyze the similarities and differences between China and Japan, the results are as follows: firstly, China and Japan are universally recognized as "countries of etiquette and ceremony", and the reasons for the similarities between them are: first of all, both China and Japan are recognized as "countries of etiquette" in the world.The people of both countries attach great importance to euphemism in all aspects of life and language.Secondly, the use of vague qualifiers in both countries is motivated by "worrying about others" and "protecting oneself".Finally, the fuzziness of the two countries is one of the reasons.The deep reason of common point can be said to be the praise of euphemism culture between the two countries.The reasons for the differences between the two countries are attributed to the historical and geographical differences, social environment differences, cultural differences, national psychological differences and language differences between China and Japan.Historical and geographical differences mean that Japan is an island country and China is a mainland country. Compared with continental Chinese, Japanese has "softness", and the technology of heart transmission is very developed.The difference of social environment means that due to the development of social consciousness and collectivism in Japanese villages, more attention is paid to the use of vague qualifiers to maintain harmony in communication.Cultural difference means that Japan has a vague aesthetic taste and attaches great importance to the feelings of the hearer.National psychological difference means that Japan continues its "spoiled" mentality and victimization consciousness and prefers euphemism in order to integrate itself with its surroundings.Language difference means that Japanese, as a cohesive language, stresses the relationship between sentences, and tries to avoid concluding language, while Chinese, as an isolated language, has a sharp and rigorous subject and predicate structure, which is clear at a glance.To sum up, Japanese is more euphemistic than Chinese and uses more hedges.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146;H36

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