汉日愿望表达对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 11:42

本文选题：汉语 + 日语　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：日常交际中,人们常常需要表达自己的愿望或意愿。在汉语中,我们常用“想”、“要”、“愿意”等词来表达主体的愿望,在日语中,一般用“タイ”句型来表示主体的愿望,当主体是第一人称时,用“~したい”,若是第一人称以外的主体时,则用“~したがる”。对于日语初学者来说,总是不能正确区分汉语“想”和日语的“タイ”。本文将从汉日对比的角度出发,系统地阐述“想”和“タイ”语义和语用的异同点。本文共分为三章,主要内容如下:第一章“绪论”中主要介绍相关先行研究,本文的研究目的和研究对象,以及研究方法和论文结构。考察先前学者们对汉语“想”、日语“タイ”,及对于二者的对比研究,阐述本文的研究意义。第二章为“想”和日语“タイ”的语义、句法特征对比。在描写“想”和“タイ”的语义句法特征的基础上对两者进行对比研究,并找出其异同点。第三章为汉语“想”和日语“タイ”的语用对比,通过例句分析,总结其语用上的异同点。考察结果表明,“想”和“タイ”都有表示说话人做某事的愿望,但该想法只是停留在愿望阶段,最终是否付诸行动,是否能够实现均不确定。从不同点来说,汉日愿望表达在人称和时态上有所不同。就人称来看,汉语中,当愿望主体是第一人称时,句子往往会有人称主语代词“我”。而日语本身具有省略第一人称主体“我”的特征,所以其愿望表达句中不会出现第一人称的人称代词。如果出现了,则常表示强调或对比。其次从时态特征来看,汉语的愿望表达句“想”不能接时态助词“着”、“了”、“过”,而日语的愿望表达句允许有表示过去时态的助词。最后,从语用的角度出发,汉日愿望表达方式在疑问句和第三人称做愿望主体时有以下不同点。汉语愿望表达方式“想”句不论是疑问句句式还是第三人称做愿望主体时,皆不会有表达方式的变化,直接使用“想”字构句。但“タイ”句要考虑语言使用的是否恰当,是否会造成失礼的负面影响。在使用时常会用其他表达方式替换。当愿望主体为第三人称时,原则上使用“たがる”句式表示主体的愿望,但根据调查发现,日语母语者几乎不用该句式,而是采用其他表达方式来传达他人的愿望。
[Abstract]:In daily communication, people often need to express their wishes or wishes. In Chinese, we often use the words "want", "want" and "willing" to express the wishes of the subject. If the first person is not the subject, then use the ". For Japanese beginners, it is always difficult to distinguish between Chinese and Japanese. From the perspective of contrast between Chinese and Japanese, this paper systematically expounds the similarities and differences between the meaning and pragmatics of "thought" and "Li Li". This paper is divided into three chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter "introduction" mainly introduces the related advance research, the purpose and object of this paper, as well as the research methods and the structure of the paper. The significance of this paper is illustrated by the previous researches on Chinese, Japanese, and comparative study of the two. The second chapter is the comparison of semantic and syntactic features between "thought" and Japanese. On the basis of describing the semantic syntactic features of "thought" and "Yu", this paper makes a comparative study of them, and finds out their similarities and differences. The third chapter is the pragmatic comparison between Chinese and Japanese, and summarizes the similarities and differences in pragmatics through the analysis of examples. The results show that both "thinking" and "thinking" have the desire to express the speaker's desire to do something, but the idea just stays at the stage of desire, whether it will be put into practice or not, whether it can be realized or not is uncertain. From different point of view, the expression of Chinese and Japanese wishes is different in person and tense. In Chinese, when the wish subject is the first person, the sentence will often be called the subject pronoun "I". Japanese itself is characterized by omitting the "I" of the first person subject, so there is no first person pronoun in its wish expression. If it appears, it is often emphasized or contrasted. Secondly, in terms of tense features, Chinese wish expression sentence "want" can not be followed by tense auxiliary words "Ze", "already", "over", while Japanese wish expression sentence allows auxiliary words to represent past tense. Finally, from the pragmatic point of view, there are the following differences between Chinese and Japanese expression of wish when the interrogative sentence and the third person are called the subject of wish. No matter whether it is a question sentence or a third person as the wish subject, there will not be any change in the way of expression, and the word "want" will be used directly to construct a sentence. But the sentence should consider whether the language is used properly or not, and whether it will have a negative effect on indecency. When used, it is often replaced by other expressions. When the wish subject is the third person, in principle, the sentence of "Li Li" is used to denote the wish of the subject. However, according to the survey, native speakers of Japanese almost do not use the sentence, but use other expressions to convey the wishes of others.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36;H136

【相似文献】