关于日语中自我使役句的他动性

发布时间：2018-05-13 10:33

本文选题：自我使役 + 他动性　；参考：《大连外国语学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：日语中经常会有这样的表达“铁道模型に目を辉力、せる二人”(看着铁路模型让眼睛放光的两人)“小4男QR足が滑ら世、耘落した”(小学4年级的男孩使脚一滑,跌落了下去)。“两眼放光”、“脚一滑”等表示自身动作或状态的句子在日语中为什么会用他动性很强的使役句来表达呢。如果将这些句子直译成汉语,就会变成“让眼睛放光”、“使脚一滑”这样不自然的表达。仁田(1982)将这种动作主体所发出动作的结果最终回归到动作主体身上的现象称为“再归”。并将再归句的特色总结为：“动作作用的对象为动作主体的一部分”。本文以日语自我使役句的他动性为线索,将日语中的自我使役句和其汉语译文相比较,从而弄清汉语与日语表达上的差异。并且通过实际调查来证明,这种差异造成中国人日语学习者对自我使动句的理解和运用上存在着很大的不足。文章由三个部分构成。第一章,在过去研究的基础上整理总结自我使役句①的形成原因,含义,构造和特征。在表示使役的助动词还是[寸·さ寸」的平安时代后期,就可以看到自我使役句的用例了。日语中有些自动词没有相应的他动词,为了弥补这个空白,就会将自动词变成它的使役态,从而形成了自我使役句。除此之外,为了统一句子语法而不得不使用他动表达,这也促使了自我使役句的形成。从表面构造来看,自我使役句是他动性的表达方式。但从其表达的意思层面上来看,却没有或只有很弱的他动性。「X(勤作主)ガXの一部ヲ～(さ)せる」(动作主体让其一部分做什么动作)是自我使役句的典型构造。但其中的“动作主体”不仅可以是人,也可以是动物或物体。而“其一部分”则包含身体的一部分、所有物、精神、感情和性质等。除此之外,在句中常作状语也是自我使役句的特征之一。第二章主要将日语的自我使役句和其汉语译文进行比较,分析汉语和日语表达的差异。自我使役句的汉语译文有以下几种构造：兼语式、主谓结构、谓语+宾语、把字句、不及物动词和惯用表达。兼语式是汉语表达使役的典型句式,有“使役”和“致使”两种意思。自我使役句主要和表达“致使”的兼语式相对应。但它们的差别在于,日语的自我使役句的动作作用对象是动作主体的一部分,而汉语的兼语式则是以整体为对象的。自我使役句中也有他动性强弱之分。他动性稍强的句子较多地被译成谓语+宾语和把字句。他动性较弱的则与主谓结构,不及物动词和惯用表达相对应。从自我使役句的汉语译文可以看出,在表达自己的行为状态或者自然发生的事情的时候,中文通常用的自动性的表达。由于母语的强烈影响,中国人日语学习者对自我使役句的理解运用能力有可能较弱。为了验证这个猜想,第三章中分别对日本人和中国人做了调查。结果显示,中国人日语学习者对自我使役句的使用度很低。从表达方式上来看,呈和日本人相反的趋势。
[Abstract]:There are often such expressions in Japanese (looking at the two people of the railway model that let the eyes let out), "the little 4 man QR's foot slips," (the boy in the grade 4 of primary school slips and falls down). "Two eyes", "foot slipping", and other sentences expressing their own movements or states are in the sentence. Why can it be expressed in Japanese with his very active causative sentence. If the sentences are translated into Chinese, it will become an unnatural expression of "let the eyes let go" and "make the foot slip".
In Jen Tian (1982), the phenomenon of the final return to the body of the action body is called "return", and the feature of the return sentence is summed up as: "the object of action is part of the main body of action".
This paper compares the Japanese Self causative sentence with the Chinese translation in Japanese as the clue of the Japanese Self causative sentence, so as to find out the difference between the Chinese and Japanese expressions. And through the actual investigation, it is proved that this difference has caused the Chinese Japanese learners to have a great deficiency in the understanding and application of the self making sentence. The chapter is composed of three parts.
In the first chapter, the reasons, meanings, structures and characteristics of the self causative sentence are summarized and summarized on the basis of the past research. In the later period of the peace time of the auxiliary verb or [inch] inch, we can see the use case of the self causative sentence. Some of the automatic words in Japanese do not have the corresponding verbs, in order to make up the gap, it will be possible to make up for this blank. The self causative sentence is formed by turning the automatic word into its causative state. In addition to this, he has to use his expression in order to unify the sentence grammar. It also promotes the formation of the self causative sentence. From the surface structure, the self causative sentence is his dynamic expression. But from the meaning level of his expression, there is no or only very good expression. X is a typical structure of the self causative sentence. But the "action subject" is not only a person, but also an animal or an object. "Part of it" contains a part of the body, possessions, spirit, feelings and sex. In addition to this, adverbial is often used as a feature of self causative sentences.
The second chapter compares the Japanese Self causative sentence with its Chinese translation and analyzes the differences in the expression of Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese translation of the self causative sentence has the following structures: concurrently, subject predicate structure, predicate + object, word sentence, intransitive verb and idiomatic expression. There are two meanings of "service" and "causative". The self causative sentence corresponds mainly to the expression of "causative". But the difference lies in that the action object of the Japanese Self causative sentence is part of the action subject, while the Chinese language is the whole object. Sentences that are slightly more intense are translated into predicate + object and Ba sentences.
From the Chinese translation of the self causative sentence, we can see that in the expression of the state of his own behavior or the natural occurrence, the Chinese language is usually expressed automatically. Because of the strong influence of the mother tongue, the ability of the Chinese Japanese learners to understand the self causative sentence can be weak. In order to verify this conjecture, the third chapter is divided into two chapters. Do not investigate the Japanese and Chinese. The results show that Chinese Japanese learners have a low degree of use of the self causative sentence. In terms of expression, they are in the opposite direction to the Japanese.

【学位授予单位】：大连外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H36

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