日语省略表达的会话分析及其交际心理

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:19

本文选题：省略表达 + 对话　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：省略表达在世界任何一种语言中都是十分普遍的语言现象，但是像日语这样能将其作为一种语言特征的却比较少见。对于日语省略表达的研究有很多，诸如山田孝雄、三上章、小泉保、吉川千鹤子这样的大家都曾有过论述，中国的学者也有很多经典的研究，但是大多数的研究主要集中在省略的原则、顺序以及所传达的信息，中国学者的研究也只是停留在语法构造的层面，对于重视语境分析、考察交流双方交际心理的研究比较少，本文大胆尝试通过对话的语境来分析省略的言外之意，并探究日本文化影响下交流双方持有什么样的交际心理。论文主体分为四大部分：第一部分，省略表达在对话中的存在条件省略表达能在对话中广泛使用是因为有其成立的前提条件，即省略的“机缘”，内部机缘和外部机缘相互作用便产生了省略现象，另外，要想彻底理解对话中的省略表达，也不能忽视对话发生的场所限制，即便是相同的省略表达在不同的场合其表达的含义也有差别。第二部分，省略表达的会话分析对话中被省略的部分也有其特定的含义，因此对言外之意的充分理解也是十分必要的。在这一部分中通过大量例句的分析对省略表达的言外之意加以说明，阐述其言外之意的重要性及推意的价值所在。关于推意的规则，本文主要理论依据是格莱斯的“合作原则”、利奇的“礼貌原则”以及面子理论。利用这些语用学理论对对话中省略表达的言外之意做进一步的研究。第三部分，会话中省略表达的作用在日常的会话中省略表达的运用有着不同的表现效果，该部分主要讨论省略表达的语言功能，弄清楚其积极和消极的作用，特别是它的消极作用，只有充分地理解和把握才能有效的趋利避害，这对对话的顺利进行是十分重要的。第四部分，省略表达的文化因素及其交际心理这一部分是本文的重点，也是研究的落脚点。语言和文化有着十分密切的联系，日语中之所以存在如此之多的省略表达一个重要的原因就是日本文化的影响。这主要体现在三大文化要素里即“和文化”、“间意识”、“耻文化”。在日本人的意识里，时刻维持“和”对他们来说是非常重要的，如果打破的“和”状态，他们就会感到耻辱，因此在日本人的日常交际中始终与他人保持着一定的距离空间，而省略表达恰好迎合了这种心态，它能反映日本人交流过程中的一些心理状态，比如：暧昧心理、集团心理、理他心理、恐惧心理等。通过对省略表达文化因素的研究，得出的这四大心理状态就是本文的研究结论。总之，，本文在借鉴前人研究的基础上从新的视角来研究日语的省略表达，在语用学理论的指导下深入研究交际双方的心理状态，推导出日本人一般的语言交际心理，这对于日语的实际运用以及中日跨文化交际有着现实的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Ellipsis is a very common linguistic phenomenon in any language in the world, but it is rare that Japanese can take it as a linguistic feature. There have been many studies on Japanese ellipsis expressions, such as Yamada, Sanshangzhang, Koizumi Bao, and Chigawa Yoshikawa. Chinese scholars also have many classical studies. However, most of the studies focus on the principle of ellipsis, the order and the information conveyed. Chinese scholars only focus on the grammatical structure, and pay less attention to contextual analysis and investigate the communicative psychology of both sides of communication. This paper tries boldly to analyze the implication of ellipsis through the context of dialogue and to explore the communicative psychology of both sides under the influence of Japanese culture. The main body of the thesis is divided into four parts: The first part, omitting the conditions for the existence of expression in the dialogue Ellipsis can be widely used in dialogue because there are preconditions for its establishment, that is, the "chance" of ellipsis, and the interaction between internal and external opportunities leads to ellipsis. In addition, if you want to thoroughly understand the ellipsis in the dialogue, Even the same ellipsis has different meanings in different situations. The second part, the conversational analysis of ellipsis The omitted part of the dialogue also has its own meaning, so it is necessary to fully understand the implication. In this part, through the analysis of a large number of examples, the implication of ellipsis is explained, and the importance of its implication and the value of implication are expounded. The main theoretical basis of this paper is Grice's Cooperative principle, Lich's Politeness principle and face Theory. These pragmatic theories are used to further study the implication of omission in dialogue. Part three: the role of ellipsis in conversation The use of ellipsis in daily conversation has different expressive effects. This part mainly discusses the linguistic functions of ellipsis, and finds out its positive and negative effects, especially its negative effects. Only by fully understanding and grasping can we effectively seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, which is very important for the smooth progress of dialogue. The fourth part, the cultural factors of omitting expression and its communicative psychology This part is the focus of this paper, but also the foothold of the study. Language and culture are closely related. One important reason for so much ellipsis in Japanese is the influence of Japanese culture. This is mainly reflected in three cultural elements, namely, "harmony culture", "inter-consciousness" and "shame culture". In the Japanese consciousness, it is very important for them to maintain "and" at all times. If they break the state of harmony, they will feel humiliated, and thus keep a certain distance from others in their daily communication with the Japanese. The elliptical expression caters to this kind of mentality, it can reflect some psychological states in the process of Japanese communication, such as ambiguous psychology, group psychology, other psychology, fear psychology and so on. Through the study of the cultural factors of ellipsis expression, the four psychological states are the conclusion of this paper. In a word, based on the previous studies, this paper studies Japanese ellipsis from a new perspective, studies the psychological state of both sides under the guidance of pragmatic theory, and deduces the general communicative psychology of Japanese. This is of practical significance for the practical use of Japanese and the cross-cultural communication between China and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】