中日日常招呼语对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 18:17

本文选题：日常招呼语 + 对比研究　；参考：《厦门大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在日常生活中,招呼语不仅是人际交流的社交礼仪,也是与人进行顺利交往和保持顺畅的人际关系不可缺少的交际要素。招呼语的相关研究在中国并不多,但日本的文化语言学家、社会语言学家以及人类学家却十分关注,对此进行了多角度的研究。纵观这些研究成果,虽然招呼语的相关研究不少,但是定量研究并不多见,并少有对潜藏于语言背后的社会文化因素进行考察。另一方面,中国关于招呼语的研究多是中英对比研究。从对比研究的视角来看,有关中日两国日常招呼语的对比研究也不多见,更鲜有从实证角度对招呼语的言语行为和非言语行为进行综合对比研究。本论文拟从文化语言学的视角进行研究。语言层面上的研究采用对比语言学的研究方法,收集翔实的资料分析,广泛进行问卷调查并回收,然后对数据进行统计分析,旨在阐明两国的日常招呼语各自呈现的内容结构,使用情况以及特点,在数据分析的基础上,对两国招呼语的异同与其社会文化因素之间的联系逐次剖析。本论文按照以下顺序进行分析并推导出结论。第一章提出问题。首先对招呼语的定义以及作用进行阐述,继而介绍研究动态,指出先行研究的不足之处,试图通过对比研究中日两国的日常招呼语来揭示两国语言文化的不同。第二章说明本论文的研究对象、立场、方法、目的和意义。在第三章里以见面时的招呼语为中心,采用对比语言学的对比方法和问卷调查的方法,对回收的问卷调查表进行统计分析。调查表数据主要是从招呼的频率、招呼的内容、非言语行为、招呼的性别差、招呼的年龄差、视线的位置等六个方面进行考察。其结果是,首先,不论人际关系亲疏如何,中日两国打招呼的频率都很高。对于不熟悉的人,两国人都使用形式化、礼仪性的招呼语。对于熟悉的人,中国人使用多样性的招呼语,日本人则多用形式化的招呼语。这个特点同样可以适用于非言语行为的对比。其次,日本招呼语性别差很明显,中国招呼语则没有性别差。把中国人的招呼语按年龄层分为四类,日本人分为三类。视线位置的对比则两国没有太大的区别。第四章采用文化语言学的研究方法,即文化差异比较法进行对比研究。在第三章定量分析的基础上,对蕴含在语言里的不同社会文化因素以及人际关系进行深层次的研究。对于不熟悉的人,中日两国打招呼的方式基本一致,但对于熟悉的人,两国打招呼的方式却大相径庭。中国人多采用形式多样的招呼方式,并且还根据时间和场所的不同随机应变;而日本人却依然喜欢使用定型化的招呼语,习惯再次提起曾经受到对方恩惠等等。第五章,根据上述语言层面的分析可知,中日两国不论人际关系亲疏都打招呼。但对于熟悉的人,中国人是使用多样性的招呼语随机应变地打招呼,而日本人则从定型化的招呼语起始再进一步具体化。对于不熟悉的人,中日两国都使用定型化的招呼语打招呼。从文化层面的分析我们获知中日两国都很重视礼仪。在人际关系方面,中国人相互间通过助长人情债来扩大关系网,巩固人际关系,并用积极的言语行为来建立新的人际关系;而日本人则尽量抑制人情债,在人际关系上尽量保持一定的距离,在建立新的人际关系取向上显得比较消极。
[Abstract]:In daily life, greeting is not only the social etiquette of interpersonal communication, but also an indispensable communicative element for the smooth communication and smooth interpersonal relationship. The related research of the greeting language is not much in China, but many Japanese linguists, sociolinguists and anthropologists have paid much attention to it. Looking at these research results, although there are a lot of researches on the greeting language, there are few quantitative studies and few studies on the social and cultural factors hidden behind the language. On the other hand, China's research on the greeting language is mostly the comparative study of Chinese and English. From the perspective of comparative study, the daily life of China and Japan The comparative study of greetings is rare. There is seldom a comprehensive comparative study of speech acts and nonverbal behaviors in greeting from an empirical perspective.
This paper is intended to study from the perspective of cultural linguistics. The study of language is based on the method of comparative linguistics, collecting detailed data analysis, extensive questionnaire investigation and recycling, and then analyzing the data, aiming at clarifying the content structure, usage and characteristics of the daily greeting in the two countries. On the basis of data analysis, the similarities and differences of greetings between the two countries and their social and cultural factors are analyzed.
This paper analyzes and deduces the conclusions in the following order.
The first chapter puts forward the question. First, it expounds the definition and function of the greeting language, then introduces the research trends, and points out the shortcomings of the first study, trying to reveal the differences of language and culture between the two countries by comparing and studying the daily greeting of the two countries in China and Japan.
The second chapter explains the object, position, method, purpose and significance of this thesis.
In the third chapter, we take the greeting language at the meeting as the center, using contrastive linguistics and the method of questionnaire survey to make a statistical analysis of the reclaimed questionnaire. The questionnaire data are mainly from the frequency of greeting, the content of greeting, the non verbal behavior, the difference of the sex, the age difference of the greeting, the position of the sight, and so on. The result is that, first of all, both Chinese and Japanese have a high frequency of greeting, regardless of their relationship. For unfamiliar people, both countries use formal, etiquette greeting. For familiar people, Chinese people use variety of greeting, and Japanese use formal greeting. This characteristic can also be suitable. For the contrast of non verbal behavior. Secondly, the gender difference in Japanese greeting is obvious, and the Chinese greeting language has no gender difference. The Chinese greeting language is divided into four categories according to the age level, and the Japanese are divided into three categories.
The fourth chapter adopts the study method of cultural linguistics, namely, the comparative study of cultural difference comparison. On the basis of the quantitative analysis of the third chapters, the different socio cultural factors and interpersonal relationships contained in the language are deeply studied. For the unfamiliar people, the way of greeting between the two countries of China and Japan is basically the same, but to the familiar. The people of the two countries are very different in the way they greet. The Chinese use a variety of ways of greeting, and according to the difference between time and place, and the Japanese still like to use stereotyped greeting.
The fifth chapter, according to the analysis of the language level above, shows that both China and Japan say hello regardless of their relationship, but for the familiar people, the Chinese are greeting with variety of greeting, while the Japanese start from the beginning of the stereotyped greeting. For unfamiliar people, both China and Japan use the set. From the cultural level, we have learned that both China and Japan attach great importance to etiquette. In terms of interpersonal relations, Chinese people expand the network of relationships, consolidate relationships, and use positive verbal behavior to build new interpersonal relationships among people, while the Japanese try to restrain human debt and be in interpersonal relations. As far as possible, a certain distance is maintained on the Department, which is rather negative in establishing a new interpersonal relationship.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H136;H36

【参考文献】