中日两国语言中“气”与“心”的多重语义结构

发布时间：2018-07-08 12:06

本文选题：气 + 心　；参考：《厦门大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： “气”一词作为解读包括中国、朝鲜半岛、日本在内的东亚地区思想文化的关键词之一,早已引起相关领域研究者的关注。“气”的语义研究成果为数不少,但是多局限于字典式的义项罗列,各义项之间的相关性研究尚未引起足够重视。此外,在一些“气”的研究成果中曾提及日语中“气”与“心”的相似与不同,但是多数只涉及其中某一方面,是零散的、不完整的。本文从认知语言学和文化语言学的视角,基于数据库,阐明中日两国语言中“气”与“心”的多重语义结构;在此基础上,分别通过“气”的中日语义对比与“心”的中日语义对比,探讨两国文化方面的异同。此外,力求更加全面的论述日语中“气”与“心”的不同。本文按照以下顺序进行分析并推导出结论。序论中介绍动态研究状况,指出当前研究所存在的缺陷,在此基础上明确研究的目的、意义和方法。第一章里,首先明确中日两国语言中“气”的多重语义。其次,通过隐喻、转喻、提喻这三种比喻手法,将各义项相互关联起来,形成多义网络。然后,通过中日语义对比,得知在中日两国对身体的认识中,“气”都是很重要的概念,这与现代西方医学观点迥异;此外,日本人在人际交往中,极为在意周围的人或事物,这是日本人际关系的特征之一。在第二章中,首先明确中日两国语言中“心”的多重语义。然后,通过隐喻、转喻这两种比喻手法,将各义项相互关联起来,形成多义网络。最后,通过中日语义对比,得知与英语相比,中日两国语言对“心”的生理功能和心理功能认识是高度一致的,即“心”是人体重要器官之一,它不仅是情感作用的主体,亦是思维作用的主体,涵盖了心理活动的方方面面。第三章从“情感·理性”、“表象性·根源性”、“活动性·本体性”、“非实体性·实体性”、“现场性·非现场性”、“内容性·容器性”六个方面来探明日语中“气”与“心”的不同。其结论为:与“心”相比,“气”侧重于人的情感作用;而“心”虽然也表达情感之义,但是与人的理性思维作用更密切相关。通过前三章的分析得出以下结论:从中日两国语言中“气”和“心”的语义结构看,其语义发展经历了从具体到抽象的过程;而且,通过隐喻、转喻、提喻这三种认知方式,我们可以在各义项间建立相互关联,形成语义网络。其次,两国语言中,“气”的语义和“心”的语义都有很高的相似度,但也存在差异。为何同一个词在不同国家和民族会产生出不同语义;而且,与之相关的隐喻和转喻还有多种可能,为何只产生了目前这些义项。鉴于以上事实,笔者认为,在多义词的产生和演变过程中,基于相似性和相关性的认知方式,与其说它是造成一词多义的根本原因,不如说正是它将语义发展的可能性约束在了一定的框架内。
[Abstract]:As one of the key words to interpret the ideology and culture of East Asia, including China, Korean Peninsula and Japan, "Qi" has attracted the attention of researchers in related fields. There are a lot of achievements in semantic research of Qi, but most of them are limited to lexicographic meaning lists, and the research on the correlation between the meanings has not been paid enough attention to. In addition, the similarities and differences between "qi" and "heart" in Japanese have been mentioned in some "Qi" research results, but most of them involve only one aspect, which is fragmented and incomplete. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics, this paper, based on database, illustrates the multiple semantic structures of "Qi" and "heart" in Chinese and Japanese languages. Through the comparison of Chinese and Japanese semantics of Qi and that of Xin, this paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two cultures. In addition, I try to discuss the difference between Qi and Heart in Japanese. This paper analyses and deduces the conclusion according to the following order. This paper introduces the dynamic research situation in the preface theory, points out the defects existing in the present research, and makes clear the purpose, significance and method of the research on this basis. In the first chapter, the multiple semantics of Qi in Chinese and Japanese languages are clarified. Secondly, by means of metaphor, metonymy and metonymy, the meanings are related to each other to form a polysemous network. Then, through the semantic comparison between China and Japan, we know that "qi" is a very important concept in the understanding of the body between China and Japan, which is quite different from the view of modern western medicine. In addition, Japanese people are very concerned about the people or things around them in their interpersonal communication. This is one of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships in Japan. In the second chapter, we first clarify the meaning of "heart" in Chinese and Japanese languages. Then, by means of metaphor and metonymy, the meanings are related to each other to form a polysemous network. Finally, through the semantic comparison between China and Japan, we know that the understanding of the physiological and psychological functions of the "heart" is highly consistent with that of English, that is, "the heart" is one of the important organs of the human body, and it is not only the subject of emotional action. It is also the main body of thinking, covering all aspects of psychological activities. The third chapter is from "emotional rationality", "representational origin", "activity ontology", "non-substantive entity", "on-site non-field", There are six aspects of "content container" to find out the difference between "qi" and "heart" in Japanese. The conclusion is as follows: compared with "heart", Qi focuses on the emotional role of human beings, while "heart" also expresses the meaning of emotion, but it is more closely related to the rational thinking function of human beings. Through the analysis of the first three chapters, the following conclusions are drawn: from the perspective of the semantic structure of Qi and Heart in the Chinese and Japanese languages, their semantic development has experienced a process from concrete to abstract; moreover, through metaphor, metonymy, and metonymy, the three cognitive styles of metaphor, metonymy and metonymy are discussed. We can form semantic network by establishing interrelation among the meanings. Secondly, the semantics of Qi and Heart have high similarity, but there are also differences between the two languages. Why does the same word produce different semantics in different countries and nations; moreover, there are many possibilities for metaphor and metonymy related to it, and why only the current meanings are produced. In view of the above facts, the author believes that the cognitive style based on similarity and relevance is not so much the root cause of polysemy in the process of the emergence and evolution of polysemous words. Rather, it restricts the possibility of semantic development within a certain framework.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：H36

【共引文献】