对请求的拒绝表达的考察

发布时间：2018-07-10 01:08

本文选题：礼貌原则 + 拒绝表达　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,随着中日经济活动的增加,大连的日资企业已经达到了三千多家。大学日语专业的毕业生越来越多地进入日资企业工作。据对日资企业调查了解到,在与日本人交流的过程中,对于中国人,甚至是对于具有高级日语水平的中国人来说,理解并正确使用日本人的拒绝表达方式是日语交流的一个难点。因此,笔者认为中国大学的日语专业毕业生在用日语工作时,在拒绝表达的使用上有可能存在障碍。本论文力求通过对日常生活中日本人、中国人在面对请求时的拒绝表达行为的考察、分析,探讨日、中关于拒绝行为的语言表达习惯及特征,揭示导致这一特征的心理因素、社会要因。本论文的研究方法是以礼貌原则理论为基础,对中日拒绝请求表达行为进行对比研究,以构成拒绝请求表达的典型的组成部分,即“道歉”、“理由说明”、“结论”为中心而进行分析考察。不少的拒绝表达研究是在相同条件下收集两种语言的会话资料而进行的对比研究,但是以中国和日本在校大学生为对象的研究还很少。本文以日本和中国各100名在校大学生的拒绝场面的回答作为资料,观察到了中日两份资料中拒绝表达有相同之处,但也有不同之处。其结果如下: 第一、中日拒绝表达多使用“道歉”用语。日本大学生和中国的日语学习者对老师多使用“すみません系”。但是,日本大学生对朋友和后辈,不论与对方的关系亲密与否,多使用“ごめん系”。而中国的日语学习者对朋友和后辈,与对方的关系亲密时,多使用“ごめん系”,不太亲密时多使用“すみません系”。第二、中国的日语学习者和日本大学生大多选择“坦率型”和“含糊型”的“理由说明”方法。日本大学生对老师、不太亲密的朋友和后辈多用“含糊型”的理由说明,而中国的日语学习者对亲密的老师和朋友多用“坦率型”的理由说明。在“理由说明”的句末表达方面,日本大学生多使用“ノデ型”、“カラ型”、“ノダ型”。而中国的日语学习者多使用“命题直接提示型”这类不适当的语言表现方式。第三、中国的日语学习者和日本大学生在拒绝时都不怎么给出“结论”。日本大学生所使用的“结论”例如“～そうにない”、“～ないんです”这样,形式委婉而又丰富多彩。而中国的日语学习者的表现形式,诸如“いけない”、“q!理”、“～できない”,单一而且生硬。整体来说,处于纵向社会的日本大学生,由于受到论资排辈意识和身份制度的影响,与中国的日语学习者相比,在拒绝他人的请求时,根据对方的身份地位以及与对方的亲疏关系,更注意语言的使用。而中国的日语学习者,由于容易受到母语或母语文化的影响和日语语言能力的不足,有时会出现不自然的拒绝表达。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of economic activities, Dalian's Japanese enterprises have reached more than 3,000. Graduates majoring in Japanese are increasingly working in Japanese-funded enterprises. According to a survey of Japanese-funded enterprises, in the process of communicating with the Japanese, for the Chinese, and even for the Chinese with advanced Japanese skills, Understanding and correctly using Japanese refusal is a difficult point in Japanese communication. Therefore, the author believes that there may be obstacles in the use of refusal to express when Japanese graduates from Chinese universities work in Japanese. This thesis tries to explore the language expression habits and characteristics of Japanese and Chinese people in their daily life in the face of request, and to reveal the psychological factors that lead to this characteristic, so as to analyze and explore the language expression habits and characteristics of Japanese and Chinese people who refuse to express themselves in the face of their requests, so as to reveal the psychological factors that lead to this feature. Social causes. Based on the politeness principle theory, the research method of this thesis is to make a comparative study of the behavior of refusal of request expression between China and Japan, so as to form a typical component of the expression of refusal request, namely "apology" and "explanation of reasons". Conclusion is the center of analysis and investigation. Quite a few studies of refusal expression are made by collecting conversational data in both languages under the same conditions. However, there are few studies on Chinese and Japanese college students. Based on the responses of 100 college students in Japan and 100 in China, it is observed that there are similarities in the expressions of refusal between China and Japan, but there are also differences between them. The results are as follows: first, China and Japan refuse to use the term "apology". Japanese college students and Chinese Japanese learners often use the teacher. However, Japanese college students often use their friends and descendants, no matter whether they are close to each other or not. Chinese Japanese learners, when they are close to their friends and successors, often use the word "Huanghu", and when they are not too close, they often use it. Second, Chinese Japanese learners and Japanese college students mostly choose "candid" and "vague" explanation of reasons "method. Japanese college students often use "vague" reasons for teachers, less intimate friends and descendants, while Chinese Japanese learners use "candid" reasons for close teachers and friends. In the end of "explanation of reasons", Japanese college students often use "Li", "Li", "Li". Chinese Japanese learners often use "propositional direct cues" as inappropriate language expressions. Third, Chinese Japanese learners and Japanese college students do not give any conclusions when they refuse. The "conclusions" used by Japanese college students, for example, "the conclusion" and "the conclusion", are euphemistic and colorful. And Chinese Japanese learners' expression forms, such as "the", "Q!" "Li", "~ to", single and stiff. As a whole, Japanese college students in vertical society, because of the influence of seniority consciousness and status system, compared with Chinese Japanese learners, refuse the request of others. Pay more attention to the use of language according to the status of the other party and the relative relationship with the other party. However, Chinese Japanese learners are vulnerable to the influence of their mother tongue or native language culture and lack of Japanese language ability, sometimes they refuse to express themselves unnaturally.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：H36

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