认知视角下的汉英语篇指示语研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:18

  本文选题：布勒“指示场-指示”理论 + 语篇指示语　； 参考：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：言语的指示现象存在于人际交际和话语者自我表达的过程中,指示语的使用让话语更加连贯和更具衔接性。语篇指示现象,是作者和读者在交际语篇中以话语主体为参照点用词或短语对存在于语篇内或语篇外另一个话语对象进行指向,或者用词或短语来表明其所在句子和在同一个语篇之内的其它言语成分之间的语义或语用关系。语篇指示的研究涉及语言的分析和描述、语篇语言学、语料库语言学和对比语言学等领域,具有创造性和挑战性。同时,也是认知语言学的主要研究对象,因为语篇指示语在指称过程中涉及话语主体的焦点确定及话语者对信息的认知加工方式。语篇指示语的形成路径为:现实世界现实表征心理表征语篇表征,这是一个连续体。因此,在语篇中,话语接收者是否能够正确辨析指称对象、将“现实表征”投射到“语篇表征”成为语篇理解成功与否的关键。我们的研究以语篇指示语为研究对象,运用布勒的“指示场-指示”理论和功能、认知语言学的基本观点,建立起语篇指示语的分类模式,并在此基础上探讨完整的汉、英语篇指示语系统,以期对汉、英语篇各类型指示语语义特征、心理距离指示功能、语篇指向功能以及语法化过程的异同进行基于语料库的系统性统计分析。并进一步探讨语篇指示为何可能;指代认知加工怎样实现;汉、英语篇指示语的语法化认知机制是什么等问题。全文共分七章。第一章是序言,主要介绍了本选题的缘起、意义和创新之处;界定了研究对象并对研究问题进行了详细说明;同时,阐述了本研究的认知语言学基本观点、语料来源和研究方法,也明确了论文的研究框架。第二章为研究现状,就以往对指示语和语篇指示语的研究做了较为全面的梳理,查找以往研究的不足,旨在通过评析和前瞻确认本研究的可行性和价值所在。第三章建立指示语和语篇指示语类型的确定标准或依据。从人类认知特征出发,基于布勒“指示场-指示”的指示原点分布图,探讨了指示语的构成和指示成分,旨在对布勒的指示分布坐标进行补充和完善,建立包括“价值/意义”要素在内的语篇表征经语法化后形成的完整语篇指示语分布坐标,并帮助我们初步归纳得到“情景指示语篇指示虚化链接指示”的语篇指示语连续统。对指示语和语篇指示语类型的确定标准的论述,也构成本文汉、英语篇指示语分类设置、指示和指向功能阐释、语法化相关问题分析和基于语料库的对比统计的基础。第四章在第三章建立的指示语和语篇指示语类型的确定标准的基础之上,首先,讨论汉、英语篇指示语的五种分类设置,即人称性语篇指示语、指示性语篇指示语、空间时向性语篇指示语、情态附加性语篇指示语及连接性语篇指示语,并基于自建的小型语料库对汉、英语篇指示语分类模式进行了跨语言对比统计分析,得出汉、英语篇指示语类型在使用规律上的对比结果,汉语在语篇中表现为倾向于使用隐性语篇标记,英语则更多使用显性的语篇标记,这也印证了汉语为意合语言,英语为形合语言的特质;其次,我们以典型的汉、英语篇指示语为例,从五个层面详细探讨典型汉、英语篇指示语在指示系统中的分布,通过例示分析指出:在实际的语篇中,典型的汉、英语篇指示语“这/那”和“this/that”存在三种指示形态,即“情景指示”、“语篇指示”和“虚化链接指示”,且从情景指示到语篇指示再到虚化连接指示是一个连续统,也是指示语所经历的语法化过程,本文的重点研究是语篇指示语,但不能否认情景指示(空间性特征)和虚化链接指示(性质特征)是指示语研究的来源和语法化后的最终去向,为了指示系统表述的完整性,在这一章中,我们也对情景指示做了简单描述,至于虚化链接指示,会在探讨语篇指示语语法化问题的第六章中做以详述。第五章是对语篇指示语进行深入探讨的部分,我们选择典型的汉、英语篇指示语“这/那”和“this/that”,从语篇心理距离指示和前指、下指的语篇指向两个功能参数出发,结合自建语料库和大型语料库,分析汉、英语篇指示语的普遍特征和差异(其间,渗透了对人称性、指示性、空间时向性和情态附加性汉、英语篇指示语的具体用法分析)。首先,详细探讨了汉、英语篇指示语“这/那”和“this/that”的语篇心理距离指示功能。我们认为,以话语发出的主体为参照,通过主体和所指对象之间的“距离”来对远、近指示语进行选择。这种“距离”无论是空间的还是时间的,其本质都是话主对所指对象的一种心理距离上的认知加工和判断,受到心理因素影响。简言之,情感态度的心理投射就是心理距离指示。语篇心理距离的拉近或推远存在两种形式:一种是伴随性心理距离指示,另一种是凸显性心理距离指示。研究结果显示:语篇指示词的伴随性心理距离指示不可避免,它和凸显性心理距离指示的唯一差别就是程度高低不同;语篇心理距离指示语的使用反映出话语参与者们较深层次的思维活动和情感、心理状态,受四种因素影响,即注意焦点、社交距离、熟悉程度和情感元素;通过汉英语料对比统计分析可以看到,汉语语言使用者更倾向于使用近指词语(如“这/这些/这边/这里”)来缩小人际距离,然而,英语语言使用者更乐于使用远指指示语(如“that/those/there”)以保护个人私密空间,具有文化内涵。其后,详细探讨了汉、英语篇指示语“这/那”和“this/that”前指和下指的语篇指向功能。基于前指项和先行项之间是否是共指关系,我们可以把前指分成显性前指和隐性前指两种。根据指示现象中前指项所替代的先行词的认知和句法功能,我们将显性前指分成三种类型,即名词性显性前指、谓词性显性前指和小句性显性前指;依据前指项和先行项之间的关系,隐性前指分为三类,即蕴含性隐性前指、联想性隐性前指和概括性隐性前指;与前指功能相较,“这/那”和“this/that”的语篇下指用法虽使用频率不高,但它们仍然具有语篇指向功能并兼具语篇衔接功能。在语篇(特别是文学语篇)的创作中,使用下指,比直接性的描写更能吸引读者的注意,具有较高的美学价值,其使用目的是为读者在心理上营造悬念,激发阅读兴趣;对比统计分析表明,在语篇前指和下指用法上,汉、英语言间都存在显著差异。第六章探讨汉、英语篇指示语的语法化问题。也就是对语篇指示语经过语法化后形成虚化链接指示用法的讨论(涵盖了对连接性汉、英语篇指示语的具体用法分析)。提出语篇指示语的语法化或虚化标准;详细探讨代名语篇指示词和饰名语篇指示词的语法化。结果表明:“代名语篇指示词”语法化为汉语和英语语篇中的链接词、英语语篇中的定语从句和宾语从句标记;“饰名语篇指示词”能够语法化为汉、英语篇中不定指标记。同时,它还能够实现其他指示语的虚化用法,比如英语中的先行词,汉语中的定冠词、定语从句标记、所属关系词、泛指词和同位共指词;基于“理想化的认知模式(ICM)”,语篇指示语的语法化机制有:意向图式、隐喻和转喻。为语篇指示语语法化研究提供了认知理据。第七章总结了我们对汉、英语篇指示语的研究发现,对研究问题做出了解读,并指出本研究的局限性和进一步研究的方向。我们从认知视角出发对汉、英语篇指示语的研究是基于真实语料数据对布勒“指示场-指示”理论的扩展和完善、对指示分类的补充和分析,以及对指示系统的完整阐释,本研究能够有效发掘汉、英语言差异,以及差异形成的认知基础和理据,有助于更好理解汉、英语篇特征,具有跨文化的借鉴意义,对翻译理论与实践、对外汉语教学、英语教学和人工智能科学的研究都具有跨学科的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of the instruction of speech exists in the process of interpersonal communication and the self expression of the utterant. The use of deixis makes the discourse more coherent and more cohesive. The semantic or pragmatic relationship between the sentence and other speech components in the same discourse. The study of text instructions involves the analysis and description of language, discourse linguistics, corpus linguistics and contrastive linguistics. It is also creative and challenging. Meanwhile, it is also a cognitive linguistics. The main research object is that the text deixis involves the determination of the focus of the discourse subject and the cognitive processing mode of the discourse in the process of reference. The formation path of the text deixis is that the realistic representation of the real world is a continuum. Therefore, in the discourse, the receiver can correctly identify the discourse receiver. The key to the success of discourse comprehension is the projection of "realistic representation" to "Discourse Representation". To discuss the complete Chinese and English text deixis system, with a view to the systematic statistical analysis of the similarities and differences between Chinese and English textual deixis, psychological distance indicator, text pointing function and grammaticalization process. The text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the preface, which mainly introduces the origin, significance and innovation of this topic; defines the research object and explains the research problems in detail; meanwhile, it expounds the basic viewpoints of the cognitive linguistics, the source of the corpus and the methods of research. The second chapter has made a comprehensive study of the previous research on deixis and textual deixis in order to find out the shortcomings of previous studies and to confirm the feasibility and value of the study in the past. The third chapter establishes the criteria for determining the types of signs and textual deixis. According to the characteristics of human cognition, based on the distribution map of indicator field - indication, the composition and indicator of the deixis are discussed. The purpose is to supplement and perfect the directive distribution coordinates of BLER, and to establish a complete discourse indicator, which is formed by grammaticalization, including the elements of "value / meaning". Cloth coordinates, and help us preliminarily induce the discourse indicative continuum of "situational instructions indicating virtual link instructions". The discussion on the criteria for determining the types of deixis and textual deixis also forms the classification of the Chinese, the instructions and directing functions, the analysis of grammaticalized related problems and the language based on the language. In the fourth chapter, on the basis of the criteria for the determination of the deixis and the types of the deixis in the third chapter, we first discuss the five categories of the deixis in the Han and English texts, namely, the personal textual deixis, the indicative deixis, the spatially directed deixis, the modal additional textual deixis and the deixis. Connective textual deixis, and based on a small corpus of self built small corpus for Chinese and English text deixis classification patterns, a cross language comparative statistical analysis is made to draw a conclusion that the Chinese and English text deixis types are contrasted in the use of the rules. In the text, Chinese tends to use implicit discourse markers, and English uses more explicit discourse. It also confirms the characteristics of Chinese as parataxis and English as a hypotaxis. Secondly, we take the typical Han and English deixis as an example to discuss the distribution of the typical Han and English text deixis in the indicator system from five levels, and point out that in the actual discourse, the typical Chinese and English text indicate "this /" There are three indicative forms of "that" and "this/that", namely, "situational instructions", "text instructions" and "virtual link instructions", and from situational instructions to textual instructions to virtual connection instructions is a continuum, and also a grammaticalization process experienced by deixis. The focus of this paper is textual Deixis, but it can not deny the situation. Directives (spatial characteristics) and virtual link instructions (nature features) are the source and final direction of deixis research and the final direction of grammaticalization. In order to indicate the completeness of the system expression, in this chapter, we have also made a simple description of the situation instructions. As for the virtual link instruction, we will do the sixth chapter in the discussion of the grammaticalization of the discourse indicator. In detail, the fifth chapter is a part of the in-depth discussion of the text deixis. We choose the typical Han, English text deixis "this /" and "this/that", from the psychological distance indicator and the front finger, the lower finger text pointing to two functional parameters, combining the self building corpus and large corpus, analyzing the Chinese and English text deixis. The general characteristics and differences (in the meantime, permeated with personal, indicative, spatial time and modal additions, the specific usage analysis of the deixis in the English text). First, the psychological distance of the discourse "this / that" and "this/that" in the Chinese and English text deixis is discussed in detail. The "distance" between the subject and the object refers to the choice of far and near deixis. The "distance", whether space or time, is the cognitive processing and judgment of the psychological distance of the speaker to the object referred to, and the psychological factors are influenced. In short, the psychological projection of the emotional attitude is the psychological distance. There are two forms of psychological distance in text: one is accompanying psychological distance and the other is the indication of psychological distance. The result of the study shows that the indication of the concomitant psychological distance is unavoidable, and the only difference between it and the psychological distance of the protruding is the difference of degree; The use of physical distance deixis reflects the deeper level of thinking activity and emotion, and the psychological state of the participants is influenced by four factors, namely, attention focus, social distance, familiarity and emotional elements. By comparing Chinese and English materials, Chinese speakers are more inclined to use near finger words (such as this / this) Some / here / here ") to reduce interpersonal distance, however, English language users are more willing to use deixis (such as" that/those/there ") to protect private space and have cultural connotations. We can divide the forefinger into two kinds: the dominant forefinger and the recessive forefinger. According to the cognitive and syntactic functions of the predantal words instead of the forefinger, we divide the dominant forefinger into three types, namely, the predent, the predicate predent, the predicate and the clause. The relationship between the forefinger and the antecedent items is divided into three categories: implicit implicit forefinger, associative recessive forefinger and general recessive forefinger. Compared with the forefinger function, the use of "this / that" and "this/that" is not used frequently, but they still have text pointing function and both text cohesion function. In the creation of text (especially literary text), the use of the lower finger can attract the readers' attention more than the direct description, and has a high aesthetic value. The purpose of it is to create a suspense for the reader and stimulate the reading interest for the reader. The sixth chapter discusses the grammaticalization of the deixis in the Chinese and English texts, namely, the discussion of the grammaticalization of the deixis after the grammaticalization of the textual deixis (covering the specific usage of the connective Han, the specific usage of the deixis in the English text). The grammaticalization of the textual deixis shows that the grammaticalization of the "nominal deixis" is a link word in the Chinese and English discourse, the attributive clause and the object clause in the English text, and the "ornament word deixis" can be grammaticalization to the Chinese and the English text can not be marked. At the same time, it can also realize the virtual use of other deixis. The law, such as the antecedents in English, the definite article in Chinese, the marker of attributive clause, the relation word, the general reference word and the common reference word; based on the "idealized cognitive mode (ICM)", the grammaticalization mechanism of the text deixis is: intentional schema, metaphor and metonymy. The seventh chapter summarizes the theory of the grammaticalization of the text deixis. The study of Chinese and English text deixis has been found to have been found in this study, and the limitations of this study and the direction of further research are pointed out. From the cognitive perspective, the study of Chinese and English text deixis is based on the expansion and improvement of the theory of "instruction field instruction" based on real corpus data. In addition and analysis, as well as a complete interpretation of the indicator system, this study can effectively explore the differences between Chinese and English words, as well as the cognitive basis and motivation of the formation of differences, which will help to better understand the characteristics of the Chinese and English texts, and have a cross-cultural reference, the translation theory and practice, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching of English and the science of artificial intelligence. The study is of interdisciplinary significance.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15;H315
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本文编号：1871165