工作记忆抑制机制对第二语言句法歧义句理解的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:27

本文选题：抑制 + 工作记忆容量　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在信息加工过程中,加工者不仅需要聚焦于目标信息,而且必须要抑制无关信息的干扰,才能实现对目标信息的准确有效的加工。工作记忆的一个主要功能就是保持相关信息,抑制无关信息。抑制是工作记忆的一个重要机制。本文综述了近年来在工作记忆抑制机制及语言理解各个方面的研究,结合两个实验对工作记忆抑制机制对第二语言句法歧义句理解的影响进行研究,分析影响第二语言句法歧义句理解的因素,以揭示工作记忆抑制机制在语言理解中的重要作用。本研究拟解决的研究问题如下:1.工作记忆容量的差异影响第二语言(英语)句法歧义句的理解吗?2.工作记忆抑制机制对第二语言(英语)句法歧义句的理解有何影响?3.工作记忆容量和抑制机制在第二语言(英语)句法歧义句理解中存在何种关系?本研究包括两个实验。第一个实验是对被试进行阅读广度测验,根据测验分数筛选出两组,共30人,为第二个实验做准备。第二个实验是正式实验,根据实验一筛选出的两组,参照Kemper(2004)等人的材料,编写材料,借助DMDX测试软件进行试验。主要发现如下:首先,工作记忆能力的差异影响中国第二语言学习者的句法歧义句子理解。高工作记忆容量组在句法歧义句和相应的非歧义的控制句的理解过程中没有显著性差异。而低工作记忆容量组在句法歧义句与相应的非歧义的控制句的理解判断的错误分数上存在显著性差异。其次,在对句法歧义句的理解过程中,具有更高工作记忆能力的参与者更好地抑制了不相关的干扰信息。抑制机制被高度激活,有效地抑制或删除了无关信息,提高了句子理解的效率。而由于工作记忆能力低的参与者的工作记忆受限,在对句法歧义句的理解过程中,抑制机制难以被激活,导致对句子的理解效率低下。最后,在第二语言(英语)句法歧义句理解中,工作记忆容量和抑制机制呈显著正相关。具有工作记忆能力高的学习者,其工作记忆中的抑制机制容易被激活,来促进其语言的加工。在本论文末尾提出了本研究对英语教学的意义,加强人们对英语歧义句的重视,并希望为今后的学习和教学提供一些启示,为学生进一步学习和运用英语打好基础。
[Abstract]:In the process of information processing, the processor not only needs to focus on the target information, but also must restrain the interference of irrelevant information in order to realize the accurate and effective processing of the target information. One of the main functions of working memory is to keep relevant information and suppress irrelevant information. Inhibition is an important mechanism of working memory. This paper reviews the recent studies on the mechanism of working memory suppression and language understanding, and studies the effects of working memory inhibition on the comprehension of second language syntactic ambiguity sentences. In order to reveal the important role of working memory inhibition mechanism in language comprehension, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the understanding of syntactic ambiguity sentences in second language. The research problems to be solved in this study are as follows: 1. Does the difference in working memory capacity affect the understanding of syntactic ambiguity in second language (English)? The influence of working memory inhibition on the comprehension of second language (English) syntactic ambiguity. What is the relationship between working memory capacity and inhibition mechanism in the comprehension of second language (English) syntactic ambiguity? This study includes two experiments. The first experiment was to test the reading span of the subjects. According to the test scores, two groups of 30 people were selected to prepare for the second experiment. The second experiment is a formal experiment. According to the two groups selected from the first experiment and referring to the materials of Kemper 2004 et al, the material is compiled and tested with the help of DMDX test software. The main findings are as follows: first, differences in working memory affect Chinese second language learners' syntactic ambiguity. There is no significant difference in the comprehension of syntactic ambiguous sentences and corresponding non-ambiguous control sentences in the group of high working memory capacity. However, there were significant differences in the error scores between syntactic ambiguous sentences and corresponding non-ambiguous control sentences in the low working memory capacity group. Secondly, in the process of understanding syntactic ambiguous sentences, participants with higher working memory ability can better suppress irrelevant interfering information. The inhibition mechanism is highly activated, effectively suppressing or deleting irrelevant information, and improving the efficiency of sentence understanding. However, due to the limited working memory of the participants with low working memory ability, it is difficult to activate the inhibition mechanism in the process of understanding syntactic ambiguous sentences, which leads to the inefficient understanding of sentences. Finally, there is a significant positive correlation between working memory capacity and inhibition mechanism in second language (English) syntactic ambiguity comprehension. For learners with high working memory ability, the inhibition mechanism in working memory is easily activated to facilitate their language processing. At the end of this thesis, the author points out the significance of this study in English teaching, strengthens people's attention to English ambiguous sentences, and hopes to provide some enlightenment for future learning and teaching, so as to lay a good foundation for students to learn and use English further.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.3

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