高低水平中国英语学习者英语关系从句加工的ERP研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 21:15

【摘要】：针对印欧语系的研究普遍认为主语关系从句(SRs)比宾语关系从句(ORs)更具加工优势,而汉语研究结果表明,汉语中的ORs更具加工优势。此外,开始有研究关注到,关系从句的加工过程并不只涉及到句法层面的加工,关系从句中名词生命性特征等语义因素也对这一过程产生较大影响,当从句中处于主语位置的名词具有生命性时,关系从句的加工难度要比该位置的名词具有非生命性时低。基于这些研究成果,本研究以期解决下列三个问题:(1)中国英语学习者在加工英语关系从句时能否达到母语者水平?(2)学习者二语水平的高低是否会对关系从句的加工造成影响?(3)关系从句中所嵌名词的生命性对关系从句的加工会产生什么作用?为解决以上问题,研究采用事件相关电位技术记录被试的脑电数据,并结合SPSS技术对所获数据进行分析。实验被试分为两组:一组是高水平被试;一组是低水平被试。研究结果显示,就行为数据而言,高水平被试加工主语关系从句的反应时要低于低水平的被试,而在正确率上两组被试并不存在显著差异。当从句中主语为非生命性且宾语为生命性时,被试的反应时要比加工主语为生命性且宾语为非生命性的从句长。就脑电数据而言,高水平的被试在300-400ms的时间窗口,ORs的加工激活了典型的N400成分,而且当从句中的主语为非生命性时,也出现了典型的N400成分。此外,当从句类型为SRs时,或者当从句中的主语具有生命性时,N400效应更为显著。然而,在550-750ms的时间窗口,并没有出现可靠的ERP成分。相较于高水平的被试,低水平的被试在加工四种不同条件的句子类型时并没有激活显著的脑电成分。上述研究结果表明高水平的英语学习者能够同本族语者一样,对主宾语关系从句之间的差异非常敏感,而低水平的中国英语学习者能够成功对关系从句进行理解,但在加工过程中无法对主宾语关系从句进行明确的区分;关系从句中主语为生命性且宾语为非生命性时会促进关系从句的加工。这也说明句法和语义在关系从句的加工过程中是同时进行并相互作用的,并不是单纯的句法优先或是语义优先。
[Abstract]:The research on Indo-European family generally thinks that the subject-relation clause (SRs) has more processing advantages than the object relative clause (ORs), while the Chinese research results show that the ORs in Chinese has more processing advantage. In addition, some researchers began to pay attention to the fact that the processing process of relative clauses is not only related to the processing of syntactic level, but also affected by semantic factors such as the life characteristics of nouns in relative clauses. When the noun in the position of the subject in the clause is lifelike, the processing difficulty of the relative clause is lower than that of the noun in the position. Based on these findings, The purpose of this study is to solve the following three problems: (1) can Chinese EFL learners reach the native language level in the processing of relative clauses? (2) will the level of L2 learners contribute to the processing of relative clauses? (3) what is the effect of the life of the noun embedded in the relative clause on the trade union of the relative clause? In order to solve the above problems, the EEG data of the subjects were recorded by event-related potential technique, and the obtained data were analyzed with SPSS technology. The subjects were divided into two groups: one was high-level subjects and the other was low-level subjects. The results show that, in terms of behavioral data, the reaction time of subjects in high level subjects is lower than that in low level subjects, but there is no significant difference in correct rate between the two groups. When the subject in the clause is inanimate and the object is lifelike, the reaction time of the subjects is longer than the clause in which the processing subject is lifelitic and the object is inanimate. As far as EEG data are concerned, the processing of ORs activates the typical N400 component in the time window of 300-400ms, and the typical N400 component appears when the subject of the clause is inanimate. In addition, the N400 effect is more significant when the clause type is SRs or when the subject in the clause is lifelike. However, in the 550-750ms time window, there is no reliable ERP component. Compared with the high level subjects, the low level subjects did not activate significant EEG components in processing the sentence types of four different conditions. The results show that high level English learners can be as sensitive as native speakers to the differences between subject-object clauses, while low-level Chinese EFL learners can successfully understand relative clauses. However, in the process of processing, there is no clear distinction between the relative clauses of subject and object; When the subject in the relative clause is life and the object is non-life, it will promote the processing of the relative clause. This also shows that syntax and semantics are simultaneous and interact in the processing of relative clauses, not simple syntactic precedence or semantic preference.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H319.3

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