基于语料库的《中国日报》英语政治新闻词汇的文体特征研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 14:19

【摘要】：《中国日报》是目前我国唯一一家国家级英文日报,该报是中国对外的窗口,其中的政治报道专栏又以国内重大时事为主,内容紧贴我国国情。《中国日报》政治新闻报道的语言使用地道且流畅,作为一种特殊的英语变体,它的词汇特征显然更具特色。那么我们对《中国日报》政治新闻词汇的文体特征进行研究是具有重要意义的。本研究从《中国日报》官方网站的GovernmentPolitics分栏目下载2013年至2015年的全部新闻报道作为建立《中国日报》政治新闻语料库的语料,共计6816篇新闻,约260万形符。本文采用定量和定性相结合的研究方法,基于自建小型《中国日报》政治新闻语料库,并将COCA作为参照语料库,在词汇学理论框架下从词汇量、词汇密度、词频、词类等方面分析了《中国日报》英语政治新闻的词汇特征。结果发现,和COCA相比,《中国日报》英语政治新闻的词汇量更小,这说明它的词汇不如COCA多样;在词汇密度方面,《中国日报》政治新闻语料库的词汇密度要比COCA小,这是因为COCA作为普通英语语料库,其语料内容涉及方方面面的信息,因此COCA的词汇更加丰富多样;通过对比两个语料库的前50个高频词汇,发现两个语料库中重合的高频词汇大多是功能词。而在《中国日报》政治新闻语料库中有更多的实词,特别是能反映中国政治社会特色的专有名词和缩略词;在词类方面,《中国日报》政治新闻中使用最多的就是名词,而形容词的使用量远大于动词,这是由于政治新闻的编写需要使用更多的名词来传递更多的信息。此外,本研究基于文体学理论,从名词、动词、简短词、新词四个方面对《中国日报》政治新闻的词汇进行研究并发现了以下特征:1、大量使用专有名词、缩略词和多重名词修饰语,这可以在节省新闻版面的同时向读者传达大量的信息;2、动词中said的使用频率最高,并且新闻标题中的动词的语态偏向于采用主动语态;3、新闻标题和正文中大量使用简短词;4、新词层出不穷,较多采用复合法造词。此外,借用中国汉字拼音作为英语外来语是《中国日报》政治新闻写作的一大特色。本研究丰富了《中国日报》英语政治新闻词汇的文体特征研究。此研究结果有助于英语学习者了解英语政治新闻的词汇使用特征,从而更高效地阅读英语政治新闻,针砭时政利弊。此外,本文在研究方法上可为外宣翻译工作者提供具体的研究策略和指导,为外宣材料中如何规范使用词语提供借鉴,并对英语教学以及英语翻译人才的培养提供鲜活的范例。
[Abstract]:China Daily is the only national English daily in China at present. It is a window for China to the outside world, and its political reporting column is dominated by major current events in China. The content is closely in line with the national conditions of our country. The language of the political news report in China Daily is authentic and fluent. As a special English variant, its lexical features are obviously more distinctive. Then it is of great significance for us to study the stylistic features of political news vocabulary in China Daily. In this study, all the news reports from 2013 to 2015 were downloaded from the GovernmentPolitics subcolumn of the official website of China Daily as the corpus for the establishment of the political News Corpus of China Daily, with a total of 6816 news articles, about 2.6 million characters. This paper adopts the method of combining quantitative and qualitative research, based on the small political news corpus of China Daily, and takes COCA as the reference corpus. Under the framework of vocabulary theory, the vocabulary size, vocabulary density and word frequency are discussed. This paper analyzes the lexical features of English political news in China Daily from the aspects of parts of speech. The results show that compared with COCA, the vocabulary of English political news in China Daily is smaller, which indicates that its vocabulary is not as diverse as COCA. In terms of lexical density, the lexical density of the political News Corpus of China Daily is smaller than that of COCA, which is due to the fact that COCA, as an ordinary English corpus, involves all aspects of information, so the vocabulary of COCA is more abundant and diverse. By comparing the first 50 high frequency words of the two corpus, it is found that most of the overlapping high frequency words in the two corpus are functional words. However, there are more real words in the political news corpus of China Daily, especially the proper nouns and acronyms that can reflect the characteristics of Chinese politics and society. In the aspect of parts of speech, nouns are the most used in the political news of China Daily, and adjectives are used far more than verbs, which is due to the need to use more nouns to convey more information in the compilation of political news. In addition, based on stylistic theory, this study studies the vocabulary of political news in China Daily from four aspects: nouns, verbs, short words and new words, and finds the following characteristics: 1, a large number of proper nouns are used. Acronyms and multiple noun modifiers can save news space and convey a lot of information to readers at the same time. 2. Said is the most frequently used verb, and the verb voice in news title tends to adopt active voice; 3, short words are widely used in news title and text; 4, new words emerge in endlessly, and more words are made by compound method. In addition, the use of Chinese character pinyin as an English loanwords is a major feature of political news writing in China Daily. This study enriches the stylistic features of English political news vocabulary in China Daily. The results of this study are helpful for English learners to understand the lexical usage characteristics of English political news, so as to read English political news more efficiently and criticize the advantages and disadvantages of current politics. In addition, this paper can provide specific research strategies and guidance for publicity translators, provide reference for how to standardize the use of words in publicity materials, and provide fresh examples for English teaching and the cultivation of English translation talents.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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