日粮添加橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油对泌乳奶牛瘤胃代谢、产奶性能和牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响

发布时间：2018-07-04 15:31

  本文选题：橡胶籽油 + 亚麻籽油　； 参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油对泌乳奶牛瘤胃代谢、产奶性能和牛奶乳脂脂肪酸组成等指标的影响,选取48头处于泌乳中期健康的荷斯坦奶牛,根据泌乳量、胎次和泌乳天数将其随机分成4组(n=12)。对照组(CON)饲喂基础日粮;橡胶籽油组(RO)在基础日粮干物质(DM)基础上添加4%的橡胶籽油；亚麻籽油组(FO)在基础日粮DM基础上添加4%的亚麻籽油；混合油组(RFO)在基础日粮DM基础上添加2%橡胶籽油和2%亚麻籽油。试验期为9周。试验结果如下：1、橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油对奶牛泌乳性能、乳脂脂肪酸组成及牛奶氧化稳定性的研究结果为：干物质采食量、乳蛋白率、乳脂产量各组之间没有差异；加油各组的产奶量显著高于CON组(P0.001),而乳脂率显著低于CON组；与CON组相比,RO组、FO组和RFO组牛奶中a-亚麻酸(ALA)含量显著升高,其中FO组含量是CON组的2倍(P0.001)；加油组油酸(VA)和共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量均显著升高(P0.001);其中,RFO组的VA、CLA、ALA含量较RO组高。加油组牛奶中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)以及多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均显著高于CON组；相反,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)显著降低达30%左右(P0.001)。FO和RFO组CAT活性与CON组相比显著下降(P0.05),而RO组CAT活性与CON组相比下降但差异不显著(P0.05)；RO、FO和RFO组与CON组比较,MDA具有降低的趋势(P0.10)。2、橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响结果为：瘤胃pH值、氨氮浓度(NH4-N)以及微生物蛋白含量(MCP)各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)；乙酸浓度、乙酸／丙酸,加油组均显著低于CON组(P0.05),且加油组之间没有显著性差异；与CON组相比,总挥发酸浓度(TVFA),RO组显著降低(P0.05),FO和RFO组有降低的趋势；丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸浓度各组之间没有差异(P0.05)；瘤胃液C8：0～C18：0脂肪酸,加油组显著降低(P0.05)；油酸(t9C18:1.VA.c9C18:1)加油组均显著高于(P0.05)CON组,其中t9C18:1.VA含量,RFO组和FO组显著高于RO组(P0.05)；FO和RFO组c9t11CLA含量均显著高于RO组和CON组(P0.05)；加油组ALA含量均有增加的趋势；UFA和MUFA浓度,加油组均显著高于CON组(P0.05),FO组显著高于RO组(P0.05)；加油组SFA均显著低于CON组(P0.05):RFO、FO和CON组之间PUFA含量差异不显著,且均显著高于RO组(P0.05)。3、橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油对泌乳奶牛血液脂肪酸组成和血液抗氧化能力的影响结果为：RO.FO.RFO组血液中SFA含量显著降低(P0.05)；UFA显著增加(P0.05),其中MUFA显著增加(P0.05),PUFA没有发生差异性变化(P0.05):VA、c9t11 CLA、ALA含量均显著增加(P0.05)；血液中胰岛素和生长激素没有发生变化；胆固醇和NEFA水平在加油各组显著增加；抗氧化指标SOD活性没有产生变化(P0.05):GSH.Px活性,FO、RFO均显著低于CON和RO(P0.05):CAT活性,FO、RFO均显著低于CON(P0.05)；脂质过氧化物产物MDA,FO.RFO均显著高于CON和RO(P0.05):RO与CON相比,其抗氧化指标和MDA均没有差异性变化。以上结果显示,日粮DM基础上添加4%橡胶籽油和4%亚麻籽油能够提高奶牛的泌乳性能,并通过提高乳脂中功能性FA(VA、CLA、ALA)含量,降低SFA含量来改善乳脂品质,但是会在一定程度上降低牛奶氧化稳定性；橡胶籽油和亚麻籽油还能够改变瘤胃发酵模式向丙酸型转变,并且通过增加瘤胃内和血液中VA、CLA以及ALA比例为改善牛奶FA组成提供了基础；橡胶籽油对血液抗氧化没有产生影响,而亚麻籽油会在一定程度上降低奶牛抗氧化性能。
[Abstract]:To study the effects of rubber seed oil and linseed oil on ruminal metabolism, milk production and fatty acid composition of milk fat in lactating dairy cows, 48 Holstein cows were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12) according to the amount of lactation, birth order and lactation days. The control group (CON) was fed with basal diet and rubber seed oil group (RO). 4% rubber seed oil was added on the basis of basal diet dry matter (DM); flax seed oil group (FO) added 4% flax seed oil on the basis of basal diet DM, and mixed oil group (RFO) added 2% rubber seed oil and 2% linseed oil on the basis of basal diet DM. The test period was 9 weeks. The test results were as follows: 1, rubber seed oil and linseed oil for lactating cows. The results of performance, lipid fatty acid composition and milk oxidation stability were as follows: dry matter intake, milk protein rate and milk fat yield were not different, milk production in each group was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.001), and the milk fat rate was significantly lower than that of CON group. Compared with group CON, the content of a- linolenic acid (ALA) in milk of RO group, FO group and RFO group was obvious. The content of FO group was 2 times (P0.001) in CON group, and the content of oleic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in gas group increased significantly (P0.001), and the content of VA, CLA, ALA in RFO group was higher than that in RO group. The content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the milk group was significantly higher than that of the group of milk. On the contrary, the CAT activity of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was significantly reduced by about 30% (P0.001).FO and RFO group compared with CON group (P0.05), but the CAT activity of RO group was lower than that of CON group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The results were as follows: the pH value of the rumen, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and the microbial protein content (MCP) were not significant (P0.05), and the concentration of acetic acid and acetic acid / propionic acid were significantly lower than that of the CON group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the refueling group and the gas group. Compared with the CON group, the total volatile acid concentration (TVFA) and the RO group decreased significantly (P0.05), FO and R. There was a tendency to decrease in group FO, and there was no difference in the concentration of propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and valerate (P0.05); C8:0 to C18:0 fatty acids in gastric juice were significantly lower (P0.05), and oil acid (t9C18:1.VA.c9C18:1) refueling group was significantly higher than (P0.05) CON group, and t9C18:1.VA content, RFO group and FO group were significantly higher than those of RO group. The content of c9t11CLA in group RO and CON group was significantly higher than that in group CON (P0.05), and the content of ALA in gas group increased significantly, and the concentration of UFA and MUFA was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.05), and the FO group was significantly higher than that of RO group (P0.05). .05).3, the effects of rubber seed oil and linseed oil on blood fatty acid composition and blood antioxidant capacity of lactating dairy cows were as follows: SFA content in blood of RO.FO.RFO group decreased significantly (P0.05), UFA increased significantly (P0.05), MUFA increased significantly (P0.05), PUFA did not change (P0.05). .05); there was no change in insulin and growth hormone in the blood; the levels of cholesterol and NEFA increased significantly in each group, and the activity of antioxidant index SOD did not change (P0.05): GSH.Px activity, FO, RFO were significantly lower than CON and RO (P0.05): CAT activity, FO, and lipid peroxide products were all obvious Compared to CON and RO (P0.05): RO and CON have no difference in antioxidant index and MDA. The above results show that adding 4% rubber seed oil and 4% linseed oil on the basis of dietary DM can improve milk performance of dairy cows, and reduce the content of SFA to improve the milk fat by increasing the content of functional FA (VA, CLA, ALA) in milk fat and improving the milk fat quality, but it will be at the same time. The stability of milk oxidation was reduced to a certain extent; rubber seed oil and linseed oil could also change the transformation of rumen fermentation to propionic acid, and the basis for improving the composition of milk FA was provided by increasing the VA, CLA and ALA ratios in the rumen and in the blood; the rubber seed oil had no effect on the blood oxidation resistance, while linseed oil would be in the same way. The antioxidant activity of dairy cows was reduced to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5

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