上矢状窦的显微解剖

发布时间：2018-02-05 02:26

本文关键词： 上矢状窦大脑上静脉外侧隐窝　出处：《吉林大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 上矢状窦是引流大脑半球血液的最主要途径,不仅引流大脑半球皮质特别是中央前、后回等重要功能区,而且也是脑脊液回流的最主要通道。详细了解与上矢状窦密切相关的各种结构的显微解剖,包括静脉属支到窦腔的回流分布特点、腔内结构的形态和功能、蛛网膜颗粒和外侧隐窝的分布、窦汇区的分流特点,对临床手术治疗有重要的指导意义。本研究应用10具尸头标本,观察研究上矢状窦回流静脉的数目、分布特点、注入上矢状窦的方向;观察上矢状窦与其它静脉窦的吻合方式;观察上矢状窦末端、窦汇区的位置(分流方向);观察窦腔内各种纤维索的形态分类、分布特点和数目。观察窦腔内蛛网膜颗粒的形态、沿上矢状窦的分布特点。观察注入外侧隐窝的静脉开口、穿过外侧隐窝注入上矢状窦的静脉和外侧隐窝汇入窦的入口,观察蛛网膜颗粒的细微结构。观测上矢状窦后段及窦汇区窦内显微结构,了解窦汇区内的分流情况和分流优势。上矢状窦的静脉引流、上矢状窦和其他静脉间的吻合、管腔内部纤维索结构的观察、窦汇区的分流特点都具有相应的结构功能和意义。本文经研究证实起自额叶前部的大脑上静脉在与上矢状窦汇合处自前向后注入上矢状窦,与窦内血流方向相同;起自额叶中部的大脑上静脉以近乎直角方向注入上矢状窦;而起自额叶后部、顶叶和枕叶的大脑上静脉在与上矢状窦汇合处以逆行方向自后向前注入上矢状窦,与窦内血流方向相反。上矢状窦管腔内纤维索分为瓣膜状、小梁状和板层状三种类型,以瓣膜状纤维索最多见。蛛网膜颗粒的边缘存在纵向走行的线状结构,其末端游离于外侧隐窝或窦腔内,考虑是脑脊液通道。外侧隐窝多位于上矢状窦中段的双侧,部分中段大脑上静脉在外侧隐窝下方(底面)直接注入并开口于外侧隐窝。大部分外侧隐窝其外缘距上矢状窦正中矢状线的距离超过2厘米,最大达到2.6厘米。上矢状窦后段有纵行板层状纤维索结构,将上矢状窦后段管腔分为左右两个单独的血液通道。在窦汇区偏向右侧的标本中,右侧通道管径比左侧宽,右侧横窦管径比左侧宽。窦汇区位置决定分流优势。
[Abstract]:The superior sagittal sinus is the most important way to drain the hemispheric blood, not only the cerebral cortex, especially the precentral, posterior gyrus, and other important functional areas. The microanatomy of various structures closely related to the superior sagittal sinus, including the distribution characteristics of venous branch to sinus cavity, the morphology and function of the intracavitary structure. The distribution of arachnoid granules and lateral recess and the characteristics of sinus confluence shunt have important guiding significance for clinical surgical treatment. In this study, 10 cadaveric head specimens were used to observe the number and distribution of superior sagittal sinus reflux veins, and the direction of injection into superior sagittal sinus. The anastomosis of superior sagittal sinus and other venous sinus was observed. The end of superior sagittal sinus and the position of sinus confluence (shunt direction) were observed. The morphological classification, distribution and number of various fibrous cords in the sinus cavity were observed. The morphology of arachnoid granules and the distribution along the superior sagittal sinus were observed. The vein openings injected into the lateral recess were observed. The fine structure of arachnoid granules was observed through the vein injected into the superior sagittal sinus and the entrance of the lateral recess into the sinus. The microstructures of the posterior segment of the superior sagittal sinus and the sinus confluence region were observed. To understand the shunt situation and shunt advantage in the sinus confluence region, the venous drainage of the superior sagittal sinus, the anastomosis between the superior sagittal sinus and other veins, and the observation of the structure of the fiberoptic cord in the lumen. The shunt characteristics of sinus confluence area all have the corresponding structure function and significance. The superior cerebral vein from the prefrontal lobe was injected into the superior sagittal sinus from front to back in the confluence with the superior sagittal sinus, and the direction of blood flow was the same as that in the sinus. The superior cerebral vein from the middle of the frontal lobe was injected into the superior sagittal sinus in a near right direction. The superior cerebral veins from the posterior frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe were retrogradely injected into the superior sagittal sinus in retrograde direction at the confluence with the superior sagittal sinus. The three types of trabecular-like and lamellar, valvular fibrous cord were most common. The edge of arachnoid granules had a longitudinal linear structure, the end of which was located in the lateral recess or sinus cavity. The lateral recess is located on both sides of the middle part of the superior sagittal sinus. Part of the middle part of the superior cerebral vein was injected directly under the lateral recess (bottom) and opened to the lateral recess. The distance from the outer edge of most lateral recesses to the median sagittal line of the superior sagittal sinus was more than 2 cm. The maximum was 2.6 cm. The posterior segment of the superior sagittal sinus had a lamellar lamellar fibrous cable structure. The posterior segment of the superior sagittal sinus was divided into two separate blood channels. The diameter of the right channel is wider than that of the left, and the diameter of the right transverse sinus is wider than that of the left.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R322

【参考文献】