体外诱导成体骨骼肌组织来源的干细胞向神经外胚层转化的研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 15:10

本文选题：肌卫星细胞　切入点：成肌细胞　出处：《中国协和医科大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 骨骼肌组织起源于中胚层,成体骨骼肌组织由终末分化的多核肌纤维和几种单个核细胞群组成,其中单个核细胞群体被认为是骨骼肌组织中处于原始分化状态的干细胞。这些骨骼肌干细胞在体内多数情况下呈一种静息状态,当肌肉受到各种损伤因素等刺激时被激活,大量增殖、融合,分化形成新的成熟的骨骼肌细胞,从而修复受损组织。这些细胞在体外培养基和营养因子的作用下,也可被激活并大量增殖,此时体外培养的激活的骨骼肌干细胞被称为成肌细胞。一些研究已经表明,骨骼肌干细胞同其他组织的干细胞同样具有潜在的多向分化能力,它们除了向骨骼肌组织分化以外,还可在特定条件下多潜能分化形成中胚层来源的成骨组织、脂肪样细胞、间质细胞,并可跨越胚层谱系的限制向神经外胚层转化,从而可被用来做为细胞来源,进行神经系统疾病的移植治疗。细胞来源,进行神经系统疾病的移植治疗。本研究通过联合应用特殊培养基和细胞因子,体外诱导骨骼肌组织来源的干细胞(即成肌细胞)向神经外胚层的原始细胞-神经干细胞转化,并进一步向神经元和胶质细胞分化;同时与成肌细胞系和非肌肉组织的细胞系进行比较,证明诱导条件对原代培养的成肌细胞具向神经外胚层的转化具有特异性。实验结果提示骨骼肌来源的干细胞有可能作为治疗神经系统疾病尤其是神经退行性疾病的一种新的干细胞来源。
[Abstract]:Skeletal muscle tissue originates from mesoderm and adult skeletal muscle tissue is composed of terminally differentiated polynuclear muscle fibers and several mononuclear cell groups. The mononuclear cell population is thought to be the primary differentiated stem cell in skeletal muscle tissue. These skeletal muscle stem cells are in a resting state in most cases, activated when the muscle is stimulated by a variety of injury factors. They proliferate, fuse, and differentiate into new mature skeletal muscle cells that repair damaged tissue. These cells can also be activated and proliferated in vitro under the influence of nutrient factors. Activated skeletal muscle stem cells in vitro are called myoblasts. Some studies have shown that skeletal muscle stem cells have the same potential for multiple differentiation as stem cells from other tissues, in addition to differentiating into skeletal muscle tissues. They can also differentiate into mesoderm-derived osteoblasts, aliphatic cells, mesenchymal cells under certain conditions, and can be transformed to the neuroectodermal layer across the limits of the epiderm lineage, so that they can be used as a source of cells. Transplant treatment of nervous system diseases. Cell source, transplantation treatment of nervous system diseases. In this study, we used special culture medium and cytokines to induce the transformation of skeletal muscle derived stem cells (myoblasts) into neural stem cells (NSCs) in neuroectodermal layer. And further differentiated into neurons and glial cells, and compared with myoblasts and non-muscle cell lines, The results show that the induced conditions are specific to the transformation of primary cultured myoblasts into neuroectodermal layer. The results suggest that the stem cells derived from skeletal muscle may be used to treat nervous system diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. A new source of stem cells.
【学位授予单位】：中国协和医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R329

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