性格优点与医学生心理健康的关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 04:25

本文选题：性格优点　切入点：积极心理学　出处：《浙江大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 【目的】本研究通过对国内某综合性大学医学院学生性格优点的调查,了解医学生的性格优点结构,并分析其性格优点特征与生活满意度和抑郁之间的关系,再通过强化性格优点的团体辅导,研究其对提高医学生自尊和自我接纳的影响作用。本研究旨在探讨起源于美国的积极心理学理论在中国医学生心理健康实践中的适用性,探索提高医学生心理健康水平的新方法。【方法】研究分三个层次展开,首先调查医学生的性格优点结构,并比较本科生群体和研究生群体的异同;其次在本科生群体中开展性格优点特征与生活满意度和抑郁之间关系探讨;然后在研究生群体中实践以强化性格优点为主要方法的团体辅导,对其自尊和自我接纳的影响作用。具体如下: 研究一,224名医学生(本科121人,硕士研究生103人,男生87人,女生131人),完成VIA优点问卷(Value in Action Inventory of Strengths,VIA-IS),比较本科生和研究生两个不同群体间性格优点的异同,并在群体内部将性格优点排序,找出最强优点和最弱优点。研究二,121名医学本科生(男生62人,女生59人),完成VIA优点问卷、生活满意度量表(The Satisfaction with Life Scale,SWLS)和流调用抑郁自评量表(center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression,CES-D),分析医学生性格优点与生活满意度与抑郁之间的关系。研究三,70名医学生(男生25人,女生45人),分别纳入团体咨询组(35人)和空白对照组(35人)。在开始时对全体对象采用VIA优点问卷、自尊量表(Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,RSES)和自我接纳问卷(The Self AcceptanceQuestionnaire,SAQ)测查性格优点、自尊和自我接纳的基线水平,对团体咨询组进行为期6周的以强化性格优点为主要方法的积极心理团体辅导,对照组不作任何处理,在6周结束时以及结束1个月后,两组均再次测量自尊和自我接纳这两个变量,比较其变化,研究强化性格优点的团体辅导是否对医学生的自尊和自我接纳产生影响。【结果】 1.研究一发现,医学本科生毅力、谦虚和洞察力等三项性格优点的平均分低于研究生,其余21项无显著差异。另外,本科生和研究生拥有四项相同的最强优点,分别为正直、仁慈、爱和公平,但是本科生还偏向于对美的鉴赏,而研究生更偏向于感恩;同时,本科生与研究生还共同拥有三项最弱优点,分别为创造力、洞察力和勇敢,而本科生的社交智慧和谦虚更弱,研究生的虔诚和自我调节更弱。 2.研究二发现,24项性格优点与生活满意度均成正相关(P＜0.05),而与抑郁水平多成负相关(p值同上)。其中与生活满意度关系较密切的依次为希望、好奇心、爱、风趣和洞察力,同样,与抑郁水平关系较密切的依次为希望、风趣、好奇心、宽恕和爱。 3.研究三发现,自尊在三次施测中,两组均保持相对稳定,无显著改变,时间与分组未产生交互作用(p＞0.05);而自我接纳在实验组随着时间的推移呈增高趋势,对照组无显著变化,组间差异明显(p＜0.05),时间与分组产生了交互作用(p＜0.01)。【结论】 1.在医学生中性格优点以正直、仁慈、爱和公平为最主要,而学历造成的差异主要体现在毅力、谦虚和洞察力等三方面。 2.24项性格优点中的希望、好奇心、爱、风趣和洞察力依次与生活满意度呈显著正相关,而希望、风趣、好奇心、宽恕和爱依次与抑郁水平呈显著负相关。提示重点培养学生的希望、好奇、风趣和爱等性格优点有可能提高学生的积极品质。 3.强化性格优点的积极心理团体辅导对提高医学生自我接纳水平具有促进作用。上述研究结果表明,积极心理学理论不仅适用于美国,在中国也同样适用。关注学生的性格优点对提高学生的心理健康水平具有促进作用。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
This study through the investigation of domestic students in a comprehensive university medical school character strengths, understand the medical students personality model, and analyze the relationship between personality characteristic and life satisfaction and depression, through the strengthening of character the advantages of group counseling on the provided high self-esteem of medical students and influence of self acceptance. The purpose of this study is to explore the theory of positive psychology originated in the United States for mental health practice in Chinese medical students, to explore a new method to improve the level of mental health of medical students.
[method]
The research is divided into three levels, the first survey of character strengths structure of medical students, and compare the similarities and differences of undergraduates and graduate students; secondly discusses the relationship between the personality characteristics and advantages of life satisfaction and depression of Undergraduates in a group; then in the group practice of graduate students to strengthen the characters as the main method of group counseling on the influence of self-esteem and self acceptance. The details are as follows:
The first study, 224 students (121 undergraduate, 103 graduate students, 87 boys and 131 girls), VIA (Value in Action Inventory questionnaire has the advantages of of Strengths, VIA-IS), and compare the similarities and differences between undergraduate and graduate students among two groups of characters, and characters sort within groups to find out the advantages and advantages of the strongest, the weakest.
On the two, 121 medical students (62 boys and 59 girls), VIA has completed the questionnaire, life satisfaction scale (The Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS) and self ratingdepression scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, CES-D), analysis of the relationship between medical students' character strengths and life satisfaction and depression.
In study three, 70 students (25 boys and 45 girls), were included in the group counseling group (35 people) and control group (35 people). The advantages of VIA questionnaire on all objects in the beginning, the self esteem scale (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES) and Self Acceptance Questionnaire (The Self AcceptanceQuestionnaire. SAQ) test characters, self-esteem and self acceptance of the baseline, for 6 weeks of positive psychological groups to strengthen the advantages of character as the main method of group counseling on the Advisory Group, the control group without any treatment, at the end of the 6 week and 1 months after the end of the two groups were measured again, and self esteem self acceptance of these two variables, comparing the changes, enhancement of character strengths of group counseling whether on medical students' self-esteem and self acceptance influence.
[results]
A 1. study found that medical students will graduate, below average modest and insight three character strengths, the remaining 21 had no significant difference. In addition, undergraduate and graduate students have the same four strongest advantages, respectively, integrity, kindness, love and justice, but also in favor of undergraduates on the appreciation of beauty, but the graduate students tend to be more grateful; at the same time, undergraduate and graduate students have three advantages are the weakest, creativity, insight and courage, wisdom and modesty and undergraduate social weaker, Graduate piety and self regulating more weak.
The 2. study found two, 24 character strengths and life satisfaction were positively correlated (P < 0.05), and more negatively related to depression level (P.). The relationship with life satisfaction is closely followed by hope, curiosity, love, humor and insight, similarly, close relationship with the level of depression in order to hope, humor, curiosity, forgiveness and love.
3. of three found in three self-esteem measurement, two groups were relatively stable, there was no change in time and group did not produce interaction (P > 0.05); and self acceptance in the experimental group with time was increased, the control group had no significant change, difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05), time and packet generation interaction (P < 0.01).
[Conclusion]
1. in medical students, character advantages are the most important with integrity, kindness, love and fairness, and the differences in education are mainly reflected in three aspects, such as perseverance, modesty and insight.
2.24 character strengths in hope, curiosity, love, showed a significant positive correlation, humor and insight are satisfaction with life and hope, humor, curiosity, forgiveness and love in turn with the level of depression was negatively correlated. That focuses on cultivating students' curiosity, hope, humor and love characters may improve the positive qualities of students.
3. the positive psychological group guidance for strengthening the character has a positive effect on improving the self acceptance level of medical students.
The above research results show that the theory of positive psychology applies not only to the United States, but also in China. Paying attention to students' personality and advantages can improve students' mental health level.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R395

【引证文献】