大鼠股骨开放截骨模型与闭合骨折模型比较的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:43

本文选题：大鼠 + 骨折　；参考：《苏州大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 用于长骨干骨折愈合研究的动物模型通常有两种:开放截骨模型与闭合骨折模型。开放截骨模型具有骨折面平整,骨折线可以任意控制,骨折模型重复性好等优点,但目前有较多报道开放截骨模型骨折端接触面积小,骨折不稳定,容易移位,手术过程中对周围组织损伤较大,并且会对骨组织产生热损伤,因此对骨折愈合的影响因素增加。闭合性骨折模型局部软组织损伤小,骨折断端犬牙交错,骨折稳定不易再移位,外来干扰因素少,可较真实反应骨折愈合过程。目前国际上对近中期骨折愈合研究的模型一般采用闭合骨折模型,而国内仍较多应用开放截骨模型。为此我们对两种模型进行比较,从而为今后骨折愈合基础研究的模型选择提供参考。目的:通过比较大鼠股骨开放截骨模型与闭合骨折模型的制作及其骨折的愈合过程,对比两种模型的优缺点,为今后骨折愈合基础研究的模型选择提供参考方法: 1两种模型制作的比较:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为开放组与闭合组。开放组行开放截骨术造成股骨中段横行骨折,逆行克氏针固定;闭合组行逆行克氏针固后,使用造模支架致股骨中段闭合骨折。比较两组的平均造模时间,造模成功率及术后2,3,4,8周骨折愈合的X线情况。 2两种模型骨折愈合的比较: 80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为开放组与闭合组。手术方法同上。并于术后30min、1、2、3、4、8周对两组标本分别摄X线片和HE染色,进行观察及比较。于术后2、3、4、8周对两组标本进行四点弯曲试验比较两组模型的力学性质。结果: 1开放截骨模型每只平均造模时间为17分钟,造模成功率90%,骨折畸形愈合及不愈合率40%;闭合骨折模型每只平均造模时间12分钟,造模成功率85%,未见畸形愈合及不愈合 2术后2,3,4周X线评分开放组均低于闭合组(p0.05),8周时开放组X线评分仍较闭合组低,但无统计学差异(p0.05)。 3 HE染色显示术后30 min开放组截骨面平整,闭合组骨折面呈犬牙交错;1周、2周时开放组骨性骨痂不明显,闭合组已经可见明显的骨性骨痂;3周时两组骨性骨痂均增多,但开放组骨性骨痂较闭合组小;4周时开放组骨性骨痂仍较大,闭合组骨痂开始缩小;8周时两组标本均骨性愈合,但开放组髓腔尚未再通,闭合组髓腔已完全再通。 4四点弯曲试验后所有标本均断裂。各时间点力学参数持续增高,2,3,4周各时间点开放组参数均低于闭合组,统计学差异显著(p0.05)。8周时两组标本的力学参数差异无统计学意义(p0.015)。结论: 1开放截骨模型造模时间长,骨折畸形愈合及不愈合发生率高。 2开放截骨模型影响骨折愈合的夹杂因素较多,近中期骨折愈合明显滞后 3开放截骨模型由于骨折愈合滞后,愈合早期生物力学指标变化趋势不明显,不适合用于近中期骨折愈合的基础研究
[Abstract]:There are usually two animal models for long bone fracture healing: open osteotomy and closed fracture.The open osteotomy model has the advantages of flat fracture surface, arbitrary control of fracture line and good repeatability of fracture model. However, there are more reports that the contact area of fracture end of open osteotomy model is small, the fracture is unstable and easy to shift.The injury to the surrounding tissues and the thermal injury to the bone tissue during the operation process are very important, so the influencing factors of fracture healing are increased.The closed fracture model has less soft tissue injury, interlaced fracture ends, stable fracture and less external interference factors, which can reflect the healing process of fracture.At present, the closed fracture model is generally used in the international research on fracture healing in the near and middle period, but open osteotomy model is still widely used in our country.Therefore, we compare the two models to provide a reference for the selection of models for future basic research on fracture healing.Objective: to compare the models of open osteotomy and closed fracture of femur and the healing process of fracture in rats, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two models, so as to provide reference for the selection of models for basic research of fracture healing in the future.Methods:1 comparison of the two models: 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into open group and closed group.Open osteotomy resulted in transverse fracture of the middle femur and retrograde Kirschner pin fixation in the open group, and closed fracture in the middle femur with model stent after retrograde Kirschner needle fixation in the closed group.The average modeling time, the success rate and the X ray of fracture healing were compared between the two groups.2 comparison of fracture healing in two models: 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into open group and closed group.The surgical procedure is the same as above.X-ray films and HE staining were taken at 30 minutes after operation and observed and compared between the two groups.The mechanical properties of the two groups were compared by four point bending test at 2: 3 and 4 ~ 4 weeks postoperatively.Results:1 the average time of open osteotomy was 17 minutes, the successful rate of modeling was 90, the rate of fracture malunion and nonunion was 40, the average time of each model was 12 minutes, the success rate of modeling was 85, and there was no malunion and nonunion2the X-ray score of the open group was lower than that of the closed group at 8 weeks after operation, but there was no statistical difference between the open group and the closed group.3HE staining showed that the osteotomy surface of the open group was flat at 30 min after operation, the fracture surface of the closed group was not obvious at 1 week and 2 weeks after operation, and the osseous callus of the closed group was obviously increased after 3 weeks.However, the bone callus of the open group was still larger than that of the closed group at 4 weeks. The callus of the closed group began to shrink and the bone healed in both groups at 8 weeks, but the medullary cavity in the open group was not re-opened, and the medullary cavity in the closed group was completely recanalized.4 all specimens were fractured after four point bending test.The mechanical parameters of the open group were significantly lower than that of the closed group at 4 weeks after 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in the mechanical parameters between the two groups at the week of p 0.05.8. There was no significant difference in the mechanical parameters between the two groups (p 0.015).Conclusion:1 the open osteotomy model was made for a long time, and the rate of fracture malunion and nonunion was high.(2) the open osteotomy model has many factors affecting fracture healing, but the fracture healing is obviously delayed in the near and middle period.3Open osteotomy model has no obvious change trend of biomechanical indexes in early healing due to the lag of fracture healing, so it is not suitable for basic research of fracture healing in the near and middle period.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R683;R-332

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