湘西苗族成人Heath-Carter法体型研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 14:14

【摘要】： 目的:体型是指身体各部位的形态特征,是评定人的体格和身材的一项重要指标。年龄、性别、环境、习惯、经济、健康等都是其影响因素。体型测量研究在环境与人的关系、青少年营养状况发育、体育运动和疾病的预防中的应用越来越广泛。我国苗族广泛分布在西南部,聚居地多山,交通不便,民风习俗独特,本文就湘西苗族人的体型进行研究,测量算出其体型值,补充中国人的基本体质数据库。方法:本文采用Heath-Carter体型测量法,调查了300例(男女各150例)湘西苗族成年人的身高、体重、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、骼前上棘皮褶厚度、腓肠肌皮褶厚度、上臂紧张围、小腿围、肱骨远端宽和股骨远端宽共10个指标,然后根据10项指标数据求得内、中、外三因子值,得到湘西苗族成年人的体型值。结果:湘西苗族成年人的体型值,男性为2.79—5.23—2.40,属均衡的中胚层体型;女性为4.45—4.53—2.14,属内胚层—中胚层均衡型。男女性的中因子都大,且男性大于女性(P0.01),女性的内因子值明显大于男性,有显著性差异(P0.01),外因子则是男性大于女性(P0.05)。体型分布中,男性有四种未出现,女性13种类型全有,都是中胚层占优势。相对于在我国的南亚少数民族中,苗族的内因子和中因子都比较大,显示湘西苗族成年人男女骨骼肌肉都十分发达,女性脂肪相对丰满,但外因子与别的南亚少数民族无多大差别,说明苗族成年男女线性度都不高,身材矮。表现在体型上,就是湘西苗族成人身材矮小结实。这与他们居住的环境和风俗习惯有关,呈现出一定的地区差异性。结论:湘西苗族男性体型均值为2.79—5.23—2.40,为均衡的中胚层体型。湘西苗族女性体型均值为4.45—4.53—2.14,为内胚层-中胚层均衡型。湘西苗族成年人的的体型表现矮小,骨骼肌肉发达,有性别差和地区差。
[Abstract]:Objective: somatotype refers to the morphological characteristics of various parts of the body and is an important index for evaluating human physique and stature. Age, sex, environment, habits, economy, health, etc. Somatotype measurement is more and more widely used in the relationship between environment and human, the development of adolescent nutrition, sports and disease prevention. The Miao nationality is widely distributed in the southwest of China, with mountainous areas, inconvenient transportation and unique folk customs. This paper studies the physique of the Miao people in the west of Hunan, measures and calculates the figure value of the Miao people, and supplements the basic physique database of the Chinese people. Methods: the height, weight, skin fold thickness of triceps brachii muscle, subscapular skinfold thickness, anterior spinous skin fold thickness, gastrocnemius skinfold thickness were investigated in 300 Miao adults (male and female, male and female) by Heath-Carter method. The upper arm tension girth, shank circumference, distal humeral width and distal femur width were 10 indexes. According to the data of 10 indexes, the values of inner, middle and outer factors were obtained, and the somatotype values of Miao adults in Xiangxi were obtained. Results: the somatotype value of the Miao adults in Xiangxi was 2.79-5.23-2.40, which belonged to the balanced mesoderm type, while the female was 4.45-4.53-2.14, belonging to the endoderm-mesoderm equilibrium type. The middle factors of male and female were larger than that of female (P0.01), the value of internal factor of female was significantly larger than that of male (P0.01), and the external factor of male was larger than that of female (P0.05). In the distribution of somatotypes, there were four types of males and 13 types of females, all of which were mesoderm dominant. Compared with the South Asian ethnic minorities in China, the internal and middle factors of the Miao nationality are relatively large, indicating that the adult men and women of the Miao nationality in Western Hunan are very well developed in bone and muscle, and that the female is relatively fat. However, there was no significant difference between the external factors and other South Asian minorities, indicating that the linear degree of the Hmong adult men and women was not high and their stature was short. Performance in the body, is Xiangxi Miao adult short and strong. This is related to their living environment and customs, showing certain regional differences. Conclusion: the mean of male somatotype of Miao nationality in Xiangxi is 2.79-5.23-2.40, which is a balanced mesoderm type. The mean figure of female somatotype of Miao nationality in western Hunan was 4.45-4.53-2.14, which was an equilibrium type between endoderm and mesoderm. The adults of the Miao nationality in Xiangxi are short, musculoskeletal, gender poor and regional poor.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R322

【引证文献】