农村中学理科实验教学的现状研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 06:20

本文关键词：农村中学理科实验教学的现状研究　出处：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着时代的发展,科学素质水平成为了衡量国家综合国力的重要因素,实验教学作为培养学生科学素养的课程受到了越来越多的关注。中学理科新课程标准均提出,“应重视对学生终身学习愿望、科学探究能力、创新意识以及科学精神的培养”,“将科学探究列入课程内容,旨在将学习重心从过分强调知识的传承和积累向知识的探究过程转化”。由此可见,理科实验教学能引导学生进行探究活动,提高学生动手能力,更好地培养国家所需的创新型人才。然而,受考试“指挥棒”与义务教育城乡发展不均衡等因素影响,农村地区的实验教学现状令人堪忧。本论文选取长沙农村地区中学作为研究对象,通过发放调查问卷,与农村中学实验教学管理者、理化生教师与实验员、学生交谈,并深入课堂听课,对比讲授实验的教学和学生亲自动手做实验的不同案例来收集资料并加以整理,以了解农村中学理科(物理、化学、生物)实验教学开展情况。文中对调查结果进行了分析,深入挖掘农村中学理科实验教学存在的诸多问题。受城镇化进程影响,以及各级重视不够,农村中学理科实验室建设与新课标要求还有差距；农村中学普遍缺乏专职实验员,专业化程度不高,教师之间交流少,实验教学师资队伍水平也有所欠缺；农村中学实验教学的管理缺乏科学与精细化的操作细则,尚无科学的实验教学考核评价机制；应试教育指挥棒仍在发挥作用,学校盲目应试、实验课以讲代做,阻碍了学生的全面发展等等。接下来,针对这些问题,探索出可行的解决方案,提出四方面的具体措施：责任分明多方联动以提升实验教学地位,增加经费投入以更新实验硬件设施,拓宽教员发展路径以夯实专业素养,规范制度流程以落实科学管理思想,改善农村中学理学实验教学现状,缩小城乡之间的发展差距,提高学生科学研究素养。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, scientific literacy has become an important factor to measure the comprehensive national strength, experimental teaching is to cultivate students' scientific literacy curriculum has attracted more and more attention. The new curriculum standard of middle school science are put forward, "we should pay attention to the students' lifelong learning desire, ability of scientific research, cultivation of innovative consciousness and scientific spirit." the scientific inquiry will be included in the curriculum content, learning to focus from too much emphasis on the inheritance and accumulation of knowledge to the knowledge of the inquiry process. Therefore, science experiment teaching can guide students in inquiry activities, improve their ability to better cultivate innovative talents required by the state. However, affected by the examination of "command stick with the unbalanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas and other factors, the current situation of experimental teaching in rural areas is worrying. This paper selects Changsha rural areas for middle school As the research object, through the questionnaire, and the rural middle school experimental teaching management, the science teachers and technicians, talk to students, and in-depth classroom lectures, contrast teaching experiment teaching and students hands-on experiments in different case to collect and collate information, to understand the Rural Middle School Science (Physics, chemistry, biological experiment teaching) carried out in this paper. The results of the survey are analyzed deeply, existing problems of rural science experimental teaching. By the process of urbanization, and at all levels is not paid enough attention to the construction of rural secondary school science laboratory and the new curriculum requirements as well as the gap between the rural middle school; lack of professional technicians, professional level is not high the exchange between teachers, less level of experimental teachers are lacking; rural middle school teaching management is lack of scientific and meticulous operation rules, Shang Wuke The experimental teaching evaluation mechanism study; examination oriented education baton still play a role in the blind school exam, the experimental class said, hinder the all-round development of students and so on. Then, aiming at these problems, explore a feasible solution, put forward specific measures in four aspects: the responsibility to improve the experimental teaching status of multi linkage increase the input of funds, to update the experimental facilities, broaden faculty development path in order to reinforce the professional quality, standardized system process to implement scientific management, improve the rural middle school science experiment teaching present situation, the development gap between urban and rural areas and small shrinkage, improve students' scientific literacy.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G632.4

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