初中生物课问题导入的理论和实践

发布时间：2018-01-30 17:28

本文关键词： 初中生物课问题导入案例设计　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：问题导入是导入的一种基本方式,在教学中被广泛使用。教师通过多种教学媒介创设问题情境,根据学生的认知特点提出几个问题或引导学生提出问题进行问题导入,可以启发学生的思维,提高教学效率。对于同一节课,问题品质不同,导入效果也大相庭径,这就要求教师要掌握一定的理论基础,遵循问题导入的原则,提高运用问题导入进行教学能力。但是,通过查阅文献资料发现我国对于初中生物课问题导入缺少系统化研究,大多还停留在个人的经验总结阶段。在初中生物教学实践中,部分教师在实施问题导入时也存在一些问题,影响了问题导入的效果。因此,本研究通过文献法、观察法和访谈法从理论和实践两方面对初中生物课问题导入展开了研究,希望能够为初中生物教师提供一些参考。本论文结构如下:论文共有六章:第一章为绪论,本章从教育改革的需要和现实教学的需要两方面阐述了研究问题导入的必要性,分析了国内外的相关研究,介绍了本研究的目的和意义以及整个研究思路和研究方法;第二章为概念界定和理论基础,主要界定了问题、导入、以及问题导入的概念,并阐述了关于问题导入的相关理论;第三章对问题导入进行了相关的理论探讨,其中分别论述了问题导入的分类、问题导入的主要功能、问题导入的相关原则、问题导入的设计过程;第四章是以济南版初中生物教科书为依据进行的问题导入的相关案例设计;第五章为案例的实施。最后通过对以上研究的总结得出以下结论:问题导入作为导入的方式之一,能够引起学生注意,启发学生的思维,对学生建构知识有重要的作用,在生物课堂教学中应受到高度重视;问题导入的有效实施关键在于问题的设计,科学的问题可以提高导入的有效性;问题导入可以激发兴趣、明确目标、促进迁移;根据初中生的身心发展水平及生物学科的特点,在实际教学中实施问题导入是可行的。
[Abstract]:Question introduction is a basic way of introducing, which is widely used in teaching. Teachers create problem situations through a variety of teaching media. According to the students' cognitive characteristics, it can enlighten the students' thinking and improve the teaching efficiency by putting forward several questions or leading them to ask questions. For the same class, the quality of the problems is different. The effect of introduction is also large, which requires teachers to master a certain theoretical basis, follow the principle of problem introduction, and improve the teaching ability of using problem introduction. Through the review of literature, we find that there is no systematic research on the introduction of biology lesson in junior high school in our country, and most of them are still in the stage of personal experience summary, and in the biology teaching practice of junior high school. Some teachers also have some problems in the implementation of problem introduction, which affects the effect of problem introduction. Observation method and interview method from the theoretical and practical aspects of junior high school biology lesson introduction of the research. Hope to be able to provide some reference for junior high school biology teachers. The structure of this paper is as follows: there are six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. This chapter expounds the necessity of the introduction of research problems from the needs of educational reform and the needs of practical teaching, and analyzes the relevant research at home and abroad. This paper introduces the purpose and significance of this study, as well as the whole research ideas and research methods; The second chapter is the concept definition and theoretical basis, mainly defines the problem, the introduction, and the problem introduction concept, and elaborated the related theory about the question introduction; The third chapter discusses the theory of problem introduction, including the classification of problem introduction, the main functions of problem introduction, the relevant principles of problem introduction, and the design process of problem introduction. Chapter 4th is based on Jinan version of junior high school biology textbook as the basis of the introduction of the relevant case design; Chapter 5th is the implementation of the case. Finally, through the summary of the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: as one of the ways of introduction, the introduction of problems can arouse students' attention and inspire students' thinking. It plays an important role in students' construction of knowledge and should be attached great importance to in biology classroom teaching. The key to the effective implementation of the problem introduction lies in the design of the problem, and the scientific problem can improve the effectiveness of the introduction; Problem introduction can stimulate interest, clear goals, and promote migration; According to the level of physical and mental development of junior high school students and the characteristics of biology, it is feasible to carry out problem introduction in practical teaching.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.91

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