初中历史教学中观察能力的培养

发布时间：2018-02-04 20:29

本文关键词： 初中历史教学初中生观察能力培养　出处：《扬州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：观察是了解世界的窗口,是获取感性认识的基本途径,观察能力是各学科对学生的基本能力要求,是学生搞好各学科学习必须具备的基本能力。初中新课程改革在各科课程标准中都明确提出了培养学生观察能力的要求。为此,在初中历史教学中注重培养学生的观察能力,对促进学生历史学习和成长成才有着重要的意义。随着素质教育的实施与初中历史新课程改革的推进,初中历史教学中不断重视学生各项能力的提高,以促进学生的全面发展。本论文以初中历史教学中观察能力的培养为取向,对在初中历史教学中观察能力培养的相关理论及意义进行较为全面的论述,进而对初中历史教学中观察能力培养的现状展开调查,了解初中历史教学中观察能力培养方面存在的问题,并进行原因分析,提出在初中历史教学中观察能力培养的对策。笔者以扬州市H中学为例,通过问卷调查、个案访谈、课堂观察等方法考察初中历史教学中观察能力培养的状况,通过调查发现,大部分学生对历史课的观察有较大的兴趣,但观察能力的状况却不尽如人意；教师在历史教学中对学生观察能力的培养较为重视,也取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不足。如忽视学生历史学习动机与持久兴趣的培养;观察能力的教学内容与形式单一：重观察结果,轻观察过程中方法的指导；对学生观察能力的培养侧重于应试导向,并没有真正内化到素质提升的高度。根据实地考察,并结合相关理论研究认为,这些问题出现的原因主要与初中生自身的特点、历史教师的综合素养、学校历史学业评价方式以及历史课外教育活动等方面的因素有关。在新课程改革背景下,要完成初中历史教学中观察能力培养的重任,应该做到：一是遵循观察能力培养的原则；二是把握观察能力培养的要点,以影响初中生观察能力形成的一些关键因素,如兴趣、目的、方法、品质等的培养为切入点：三是历史教师要掌握观察能力培养的方法与途径；四是从改进初中历史学业评价工作、提高初中历史教师素养、建构良好的初中历史课堂环境等方面创设观察能力培养的保障条件。
[Abstract]:Observation is the window to understand the world, is the basic way to obtain perceptual knowledge, observation ability is the basic ability requirements of students in various disciplines. The new curriculum reform of junior high school has clearly put forward the requirement of cultivating students' observation ability in each subject curriculum standard. It is of great significance to cultivate students' observation ability in junior middle school history teaching. It is of great significance to promote students' history learning and growth. With the implementation of quality-oriented education and the promotion of the new curriculum reform of junior high school history. In order to promote the all-round development of the students, this thesis focuses on the cultivation of the observation ability in the history teaching of junior high school. This paper comprehensively discusses the theory and significance of the cultivation of observation ability in junior middle school history teaching, and then makes an investigation on the present situation of the cultivation of observation ability in junior high school history teaching. To understand the problems existing in the cultivation of observation ability in history teaching in junior high school, and analyze the reasons, and put forward the countermeasures of cultivating observation ability in history teaching in junior high school. The author takes H Middle School in Yangzhou City as an example, through questionnaire survey. Case interviews, classroom observation and other methods to investigate junior high school history teaching in the state of observation ability, through the investigation found that most of the students have a greater interest in the observation of history class. But the condition of observation ability is not satisfactory; Teachers pay more attention to the cultivation of students' observation ability in history teaching and have made some achievements, but there are still some shortcomings, such as neglecting the cultivation of students' motivation and lasting interest in history learning; The teaching content and form of observation ability is simple: emphasizing observation result, neglecting the guidance of method in observation process; The cultivation of students' observation ability focuses on exam-oriented, and does not really internalize to the height of quality improvement. The causes of these problems are mainly related to the characteristics of junior high school students, the comprehensive accomplishment of history teachers, the way of school history academic evaluation and the history extracurricular education activities, etc. Under the background of the new curriculum reform. In order to complete the task of cultivating the observation ability in the history teaching of junior high school, we should do the following: first, follow the principle of the cultivation of the observation ability; The second is to grasp the main points of the cultivation of observation ability, in order to affect the formation of some key factors of junior high school students' observation ability, such as interest, purpose, method. The cultivation of quality is the cut-in point: third, the history teachers should master the methods and ways to cultivate their observation ability; The fourth is to improve the evaluation of junior high school history, improve the quality of junior high school history teachers, and build a good junior high school history classroom environment to create the security conditions for the cultivation of observation ability.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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