PISA视野下初中物理习题教学的改革初探

发布时间：2018-06-08 23:01

本文选题：PISA + 物理习题教学　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2014年教育部在《关于全面深化课程改革落实立德树人根本任务的意见》中明确提出了中国学生发展的核心素养体系,因而“核心素养”迅速成为基础教育课程改革的更高目标和要求。对于物理学科而言,提高学生核心素养的重点就是在教学中培养学生的物理思维能力和物理问题解决能力。初中物理习题教学是物理教学的重要组成部分,有关研究表明,目前的初中物理习题教学中存在着重知识轻能力、重理论轻实践的弊端,这影响了学生的问题解决能力的提升。由经济合作与发展组织(OECD)策划实施的国际学生评价项目PISA,凝聚了国际先进的评价理念,是目前世界上最有影响力的国际学生学习评价项目之一。PISA对科学素养的测评通过一套系统而完备的评价体系,考查学生运用已学知识、态度和技能去解决不同情境中问题的能力,其评价理念对初中物理习题教学的改革有借鉴意义。故而,本文从PISA的视角对初中物理习题教学进行较为系统的研究,希望能促进物理课程改革的不断发展和完善。本文通过对PISA科学素养测试探讨,明晰其在科学素养测评上的先进性,进而改善习题教学的试题编制和教学过程,最终实现提高学生科学素养和实际问题解决能力的目的。首先,本文通过文献法和案例分析法将PISA测试题与现行的物理中考试题进行比较,发现其对物理习题教学中可以借鉴的成功经验;其次,通过问卷、访谈等形式对目前物理习题教学的现状进行调查,分析影响物理习题教学的因素;再次,在借鉴PISA测试卷的基础上,将问题解决能力分解为信息提取、数据处理、语言表达、科学探究、思维发散和知识迁移这六种能力,并将这些能力的培养渗透进入习题教学的环节,在教学中进行实践研究;最后,从习题选择、改编、教学等方面总结了改进习题教学的策略。
[Abstract]:In 2014, the Ministry of Education clearly put forward the core literacy system for the development of Chinese students in "opinions on comprehensively deepening the curriculum reform and implementing the fundamental task of creating a person by virtue". As a result, core literacy has rapidly become a higher goal and requirement of basic education curriculum reform. For physics, the key to improve students' core accomplishment is to cultivate students' thinking ability and problem-solving ability in teaching. The teaching of physics exercises in junior high school is an important part of physics teaching. The relevant studies show that the present teaching of physics exercises in junior high school has the disadvantage of attaching importance to knowledge, theory and practice, which affects the improvement of students' problem-solving ability. PISAA, an international student evaluation project planned and implemented by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), condenses advanced international evaluation concepts. PISA is one of the most influential international student learning evaluation projects in the world. PISA evaluates scientific literacy through a systematic and complete evaluation system to examine students' application of learned knowledge. The ability of attitude and skill to solve problems in different situations is of great significance to the reform of physics exercises teaching in junior high school. Therefore, from the perspective of PISA, this paper makes a systematic study on physics exercises teaching in junior high school, hoping to promote the continuous development and improvement of physics curriculum reform. This paper discusses PISA's scientific literacy test, clarifies its advanced nature in science literacy evaluation, and then improves the preparation and teaching process of examination questions in exercise teaching, and finally realizes the purpose of improving students' scientific literacy and practical problem-solving ability. First of all, this paper compares PISA test questions with the current physics middle school test questions by literature and case analysis, and finds the successful experience that can be used for reference in physics exercises teaching; secondly, through the questionnaire, In the form of interviews and other forms of investigation of the current situation of physical exercises teaching, analysis of the factors affecting the teaching of physics exercises; thirdly, on the basis of using PISA test paper for reference, the ability of problem solving is decomposed into information extraction, data processing, language expression, Scientific inquiry, divergent thinking and knowledge transfer are six kinds of abilities, and the cultivation of these abilities is infiltrated into exercise teaching to carry out practical research in the teaching; finally, from exercise selection, adaptation, The strategies of improving exercise teaching are summarized in teaching.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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