高中化学“元素周期律”教学现状及改进对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 16:30

本文选题：元素周期律 + 科学发展史实　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：元素周期律的知识应用已有百年的历史,在国家课程标准日益完善的今天,元素周期律作为高中化学理论基础知识的重要部分之一,对其的教学要求也越来越精益求精。对国外元素周期律教学现状进行文献检索时,发现针对国外教学现状研究的资源十分匮乏,因此,从国外教材中元素周期律的内容和国家的科学要求侧面剖析外国元素周期律的教学现状。借鉴通过文献检索出的国内教学研究,提出元素周期律教学的创新教学策略。以提出的教学策略为核心,通过对课堂教学实录的研究、对学生的调查问卷研究和对不同阶段的教师进行调查访谈,归纳出现阶段的元素周期律教学现状具体体现为:涉及的科学发展史实内容较片面;学生对复杂知识内容消化存在一定困难;教学与实际生产、生活相脱节;科学实验探究环节较少且多以教师演示实验的模式为主。为解决调查中发现的问题,遵循皮亚杰认知发展阶段理论,贯彻人本理论思想,将所提出的创新教学策略应用于元素周期律的教学设计中。本研究的教学设计创新之处主要包括:学生自己收集资料并演绎科学发展史实的过程;设计较全面的模型用于辅助教学;加入元素在生活中的应用全面贯彻STS教学;学生自主探究为科学实验探究的主体模式。结合教育专家点评的结果,得出集以上教学研究成果为一体的元素周期律教学案例,可解决以上现状体现的问题,并且该案例教学还体现了现代教学的主旨--全面培养学生化学学科核心素养。
[Abstract]:The knowledge of the periodic law has been applied for a hundred years. Today, the national curriculum standard is increasingly perfect, the periodic law as an important part of the basic knowledge of high school chemistry theory, its teaching requirements are becoming more and more refined. In the literature retrieval of the present situation of periodic law teaching in foreign countries, we find that the resources for studying the present situation of foreign teaching are very scarce, so, This paper analyzes the teaching situation of the periodic law in foreign countries from the aspects of the content of the periodic law in foreign textbooks and the scientific requirements of the country. The innovative teaching strategy of periodic law teaching is put forward by referring to the domestic teaching research which is retrieved by literature. Taking the proposed teaching strategy as the core, through the research of the classroom teaching record, the questionnaire of the students and the teachers at different stages were investigated and interviewed. The present situation of periodic law teaching in induction stage is embodied in the following aspects: the historical content of scientific development is relatively one-sided, the students have some difficulties in digesting complex knowledge content, the teaching is out of step with actual production and life; The scientific experiment inquiry link is few and mostly by the teacher demonstration experiment pattern. In order to solve the problems found in the investigation, follow Piaget's cognitive development stage theory, carry out the humanistic theory, and apply the innovative teaching strategy to the teaching design of the periodic law. The innovation of teaching design in this study mainly includes: students collect data and deduce the process of scientific development of historical facts, design more comprehensive models for auxiliary teaching, apply elements in life and carry out STS teaching comprehensively; Students' independent inquiry is the main mode of scientific experiment inquiry. Combined with the results of educational experts' comments, a teaching case of the periodic law, which integrates the above teaching and research results, can solve the problems reflected in the above present situation. And the case teaching also embodies the purport of modern teaching-to cultivate students' core accomplishment of chemistry in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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