新课程背景下体育校本课程文化的反思与重建

发布时间：2018-07-15 08:59

【摘要】：随着“三级课程、三级管理”政策的出台,体育校本课程已然成为学校体育课程体系中不可忽视的组成部分。作为当下体育新课程改革的热点,体育校本课程的出现为弥补传统体育课程的缺陷,实现体育课程文化的转型及建构提供了良好的契机。对各级各类学校而言,体育校本课程自提出之时起就担负着特殊的文化使命,即建构具有学校特色的体育课程文化。这也就给予体育校本课程应然文化属性,具体表现为:现实性与针对性,以本校的办学条件、学生与教师情况为导向;特色性与差异性,以研制出具有学校特色、可以满足本校学生个性化需求的体育课程为目标;民主性与开放性,以学校为基地进行的开放民主的决策过程。然而,在对当前体育校本课程的考察与分析之后,发现体育校本课程文化存在有课程文化相对保守、价值取向功利化倾向、文化自觉意识匮乏、课程文化表面化等问题。导致体育校本课程文化弱化的根源主要有以下几个方面:依然存在的工具理性主义体育课程文化观使然、与体育课程改革相配套的保障体系相对滞后、应试教育体制的功利化导向。最后,通过相关理论的指导,从主体性与实践性两个方面提出相关策略以重构与强化体育校本课程文化。本文认为,主体性策略主要有:学校主体策略,树立先进的教育思想和鲜明的办学理念,建设有效、民主的学校组织结构,建立起科学、自律的“校本”评价体系和审议制度,打造与体育校本课程文化建设相配套的教研服务体系;教师主体策略,拥有体育学科课程意识,形成符合时代发展的体育课程观念,了解和掌握相应的体育课程知识,强化体育科研意识,具备一定体育课程研制能力;学生主体策略,注重其在体育实践过程中对于体育运动文化的深度体验,提升学生的生命健康,关注学生个体的差异,注重体育校本课程文化内容的选择性与多样性,追求学生的完整发展。实践性策略主要有:学校层面的实践策略,体育文化与体育校本课程模式的选择;体育校本课程设计层面的实践策略,体育校本课程的选择与改编。
[Abstract]:With the introduction of the policy of "three-level curriculum, three-level management", physical education school-based curriculum has become a part of the school physical education curriculum system that can not be ignored. As a hot spot in the new curriculum reform of physical education, the emergence of school-based physical education curriculum provides a good opportunity to make up for the defects of traditional physical education curriculum and to realize the transformation and construction of physical education curriculum culture. For all kinds of schools, physical education school-based curriculum has been shouldering a special cultural mission since it was put forward, that is, to construct the PE curriculum culture with school characteristics. This also gives the physical education school-based curriculum its cultural attributes, which are: realistic and targeted, guided by the school's conditions, students and teachers, characteristic and different, in order to develop a school with its own characteristics, It is an open and democratic decision-making process, which can satisfy the students' individualized needs, be democratic and open, and take the school as the base. However, after the investigation and analysis of the current physical education school-based curriculum, it is found that there are some problems in PE school-based curriculum culture, such as the relatively conservative curriculum culture, the utilitarian tendency of value orientation, the lack of cultural consciousness and the surfacing of curriculum culture. The causes of the weakening of physical education school-based curriculum culture mainly include the following aspects: the tool rationalism culture view of physical education curriculum is still existing, and the corresponding guarantee system of physical education curriculum reform lags behind. The utilitarian orientation of the examination-oriented education system. Finally, through the guidance of relevant theories, this paper puts forward some relevant strategies from two aspects of subjectivity and practicality in order to reconstruct and strengthen the culture of physical education school-based curriculum. This paper holds that the main strategies of subjectivity include: the strategy of school subject, the establishment of advanced educational thought and distinct idea of running a school, the construction of an effective and democratic school organizational structure, the establishment of a scientific and self-discipline "school-based" evaluation system and a review system. To build a teaching and research service system which is compatible with the construction of the culture of physical education school-based curriculum, the main body strategy of teachers, the consciousness of physical education subject curriculum, the formation of sports curriculum concept in accordance with the development of the times, and the understanding and mastery of the corresponding knowledge of physical education curriculum. Strengthen sports scientific research consciousness, have certain ability of physical education curriculum development, pay attention to the students' main body strategy, pay attention to the deep experience of sports culture in the process of sports practice, promote the students' life health, pay attention to the difference of students' individual. Pay attention to the selection and diversity of the cultural content of PE school-based curriculum and pursue the complete development of students. The practical strategies include: the practical strategies at school level, the choice of sports culture and physical education school-based curriculum model, the practical strategy of physical school-based curriculum design level, the choice and adaptation of PE school-based curriculum.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

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