初二学生物理“假设与猜想”能力培养的实践研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 09:16
【摘要】：随着上海市二期课改的实施,提倡探究型课程与研究性学习,在初中阶段对学生的“假设与猜想”能力的培养是物理学习至关重要的。初二年级对于科学的重要分支——物理刚刚接触,学生们有着极强的好奇心,但不够专注;他们乐于尝试,有着强烈的自我表现欲望;他们乐于创新,但是逻辑思维能力还有待提高。面对这样一个群体,教师应该从学生的兴趣出发,帮助学生树立科学的态度,激发学生的创造潜能。在当前教学中,培养学生的“假设与猜想”能力就显得尤为重要。教师要鼓励学生大胆假设,对问题和现象从多方位、不同角度进行猜想,对他们的探究提供更多的支持与帮助。本论文将“假设与猜想”能力培养的策略引入初二物理课堂。主要采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、访谈法、测验法,通过“假设与猜想”能力培养的初中物理教学案例的具体教学实践活动,分析评价其教学的效果,探究其对学生学习成绩、研究能力等方面的影响,得出研究结论。本论文分为五个部分:第一部分,绪论,介绍研究的背景及意义、相关概念的界定、国内外研究的现状及成果;对相关理论依据进行了系统阐述。第二部分,调查的设计与实施。针对八年级物理学科的特点及现状,设计初二学生物理“假设与猜想”能力的调查问卷并实施调查,得到相关数据,并对数据进行了处理与分析。第三部分,针对调查结果,制定初二学生物理“假设与猜想”能力培养的策略。第四部分,初二学生物理“假设与猜想”能力培养的实践研究,阐述能力培养的原则、实验目的、被试选择、实验设计。通过前测、案例实践、后测的结果分析,得出本次实验研究的效果。第五部分研究结果与展望。对本次研究结论进行总结,结合实践经历,对本次研究的不足进行总结和反思,提出研究展望。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the second phase of curriculum reform in Shanghai, it is very important to cultivate students' ability of "hypothesis and guess" in junior middle school. In the second year of junior high school, an important branch of science, physics has just come into contact, and students are curious, but not focused enough; they are willing to try and have a strong desire for self-expression; they are happy to innovate. But the ability of logical thinking needs to be improved. In the face of such a group, teachers should start from students' interest, help students to establish scientific attitude and stimulate students' creative potential. In current teaching, it is very important to cultivate students' ability of hypothesis and conjecture. Teachers should encourage students to assume boldly, to conjecture problems and phenomena from different angles, and to provide more support and help for their exploration. This thesis introduces the strategy of cultivating the ability of hypothesis and conjecture into the second-year physics classroom. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, interview and test, analyzes and evaluates the effect of the teaching of junior high school physics teaching cases through the practical activities of "hypothetical and conjecture" ability cultivation in junior high school physics teaching. To explore its impact on students' academic performance, research ability and other aspects, draw a conclusion. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, introduction, introduces the background and significance of the study, the definition of related concepts, the current situation and results of domestic and foreign research; The second part, the design and implementation of the investigation. According to the characteristics and present situation of physics course in Grade 8, the questionnaire of physics "hypothesis and conjecture" ability of Grade two students is designed and investigated, and the relevant data are obtained, and the data are processed and analyzed. The third part, according to the investigation result, formulates the junior high school student physics "supposition and the conjecture" the ability cultivation strategy. The fourth part is the practical research on the cultivation of the ability of "hypothesis and conjecture" in physics of the second grade junior high school students, and expounds the principles, the purpose of the experiment, the selection of the subjects and the design of the experiment. Through pre-test, case practice, post-test results analysis, the results of this experimental study. The fifth part of the research results and prospects. The conclusion of this study is summarized, combined with practical experience, the shortcomings of this study are summarized and reflected, and the research prospect is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the second phase of curriculum reform in Shanghai, it is very important to cultivate students' ability of "hypothesis and guess" in junior middle school. In the second year of junior high school, an important branch of science, physics has just come into contact, and students are curious, but not focused enough; they are willing to try and have a strong desire for self-expression; they are happy to innovate. But the ability of logical thinking needs to be improved. In the face of such a group, teachers should start from students' interest, help students to establish scientific attitude and stimulate students' creative potential. In current teaching, it is very important to cultivate students' ability of hypothesis and conjecture. Teachers should encourage students to assume boldly, to conjecture problems and phenomena from different angles, and to provide more support and help for their exploration. This thesis introduces the strategy of cultivating the ability of hypothesis and conjecture into the second-year physics classroom. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, interview and test, analyzes and evaluates the effect of the teaching of junior high school physics teaching cases through the practical activities of "hypothetical and conjecture" ability cultivation in junior high school physics teaching. To explore its impact on students' academic performance, research ability and other aspects, draw a conclusion. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, introduction, introduces the background and significance of the study, the definition of related concepts, the current situation and results of domestic and foreign research; The second part, the design and implementation of the investigation. According to the characteristics and present situation of physics course in Grade 8, the questionnaire of physics "hypothesis and conjecture" ability of Grade two students is designed and investigated, and the relevant data are obtained, and the data are processed and analyzed. The third part, according to the investigation result, formulates the junior high school student physics "supposition and the conjecture" the ability cultivation strategy. The fourth part is the practical research on the cultivation of the ability of "hypothesis and conjecture" in physics of the second grade junior high school students, and expounds the principles, the purpose of the experiment, the selection of the subjects and the design of the experiment. Through pre-test, case practice, post-test results analysis, the results of this experimental study. The fifth part of the research results and prospects. The conclusion of this study is summarized, combined with practical experience, the shortcomings of this study are summarized and reflected, and the research prospect is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
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