《项脊轩志》文本解读及教学内容的确定

发布时间：2018-08-29 12:14

【摘要】：归有光被看作明清两代成就最杰出的散文名家,唐宋派重要人物。归文疏淡自然,委婉含蓄,自身较为独特的生命体验,使他超越其文学观念,以琐碎之事,抒对亲孝之爱,创作出了最具价值的“事关天属”类散文。《项脊轩志》作为其亲情散文代表作为人熟知,笔者对学界解读、教材编排和教学课例三方面进行了梳理与分析,并对《项脊轩志》教学内容提出建议。笔者参考了学者对《项脊轩志》文本解读的78篇学术论文,并对主题思想与艺术特色进行了梳理,发现学界对《项脊轩志》主题的探究聚焦在“悲喜论”与“功名说”,而艺术特色层面探讨较多的是文本自然朴实的语言风格与生动形象的细节描写。此外,笔者对比了六套高中语文教材,从学段、单元、导语、注释及课后习题设置分析教材编撰中教学内容的指向。结合17篇教学实录与设计,发现教材及课堂实践中是“悲喜论”占主导,且“悲”的内容聚焦在家族分崩离析与亲人的离世,对于求取功名这条线索的挖掘不够深入;对学生在文本鉴赏时的知人论世与以文解文的两种能力培养较为欠缺。而在教学实践中,对高中文言文阅读应把握的基本字词学习、训练不足,举一反三能力有待提高;对《项脊轩志》艺术特色中描写的程序性学习与迁移训练不足。笔者在最后一章就“记”类问题的学习提出了建议,考虑到文体特征,一方面教学时要字字落实,引导学生了解字句段的联系,把握篇章结构,为掌握全文服务;另一方面,注重培养学生逻辑思维能力,能根据文本所咏之人、事、物,结合篇章结构,推演所抒观点、情感。
[Abstract]:Gui Youguang is regarded as the most outstanding prose writer in Ming and Qing dynasties, and an important figure in Tang and Song dynasties. Gui Wen is light and natural, tactful and implicit, and his own unique life experience makes him transcend his literary concept and express his love for filial piety with trivial matters. I have created the most valuable prose of "related to Heaven". As the representative of his kinship prose, the author has combed and analyzed the three aspects of academic interpretation, textbook arrangement and teaching examples. Some suggestions on the teaching contents of Xuan Zhi are put forward. The author refers to 78 academic papers on the interpretation of Xuan Xuan Zhi, and combs the theme thought and artistic characteristics, and finds that the academic research on the theme of Xuan Xuan Zhi is focused on "the Theory of sadness and Joy" and "the Theory of Merit and reputation". And the artistic characteristic level discusses more is the text natural simple language style and vivid image detail description. In addition, the author compares six sets of Chinese teaching materials in senior high school, and analyzes the direction of teaching contents in compiling textbooks from the aspects of learning paragraph, unit, introduction, annotation and setting of exercises after class. In combination with 17 teaching records and designs, it is found that in the teaching materials and classroom practice, the theory of sorrow and joy dominates, and the content of "sadness" focuses on the disintegration of the family and the death of relatives, so it is not deep enough to excavate the clue of seeking merit and fame; The cultivation of the students' ability to understand the people and interpret the text in the text appreciation is relatively deficient. In teaching practice, the basic words should be grasped in the reading of classical Chinese in senior high school is not well trained, and the ability to draw inferences from one another needs to be improved, and the procedural learning and transfer training described in the artistic features of "Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi" is not enough. In the last chapter, the author puts forward some suggestions on the study of the problem of "Ji". Considering the stylistic characteristics, on the one hand, it is necessary to carry out the words in teaching, to guide the students to understand the relationship between the words and sentences, to grasp the structure of the text, and to serve the whole text; on the other hand, Pay attention to cultivate students' logical thinking ability, can according to the text of the people, things, objects, combined with the text structure, the expression of views, emotions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3

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