语文修辞的高中教学案例研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 20:29
【摘要】：陈望道先生在《修辞学发凡》中对于修辞的两大分野"积极修辞"和"消极修辞"有不同的论述。按照教学系统论的观点,教学不仅只是课堂的实际教学,它还包括一系列其它阶段。在某些阶段内,积极修辞的应用无异于锦上添花,但在某些教学阶段则需要消极修辞来表达。美国教育技术专家巴纳西认为教学系统是分层次的系统。本研究本文中只关注于教学层次和学习层次。笔者以语文教学设计为案例,来探讨在不同教学设计阶段,修辞的理论理论和实践价值。首先,笔者从戴尔的"经验之塔"理论出发,分析"经验之塔"的三个成分——抽象的经验、观察的经验和做的经验与修辞内容中的直接经验、间接经验与糅合经验的联系。并结合教学系统开发的阶段,提出分析和设计阶段需要考虑消极修辞,开发阶段需要考虑积极修辞的结论。然后笔者进行具体的语文教学案例分析与设计。语文案例取自《荷塘月色》中第4、5自然段。教学分析阶段包含三个步骤:(1)确定教学目标;(2)分析学习者和情境;(3)分析教学。根据以学习者为中心的理念,需要对以往的教学目标进行调整,设计以学习者行为表现为目的的教学目标。这三个步骤的教学用语需要调整,需要使用消极修辞来行文。依据学习散文以及通感修辞的需要,提出三条教学目标:(1)让学生标注"观荷塘"的自然段;(2)让学生描述出作者在"恬静"心情下观赏到的景物变化;(3)解释文中"观荷塘"如何运用通感的修辞手法。完成了分析和设计阶段之后,需要进行教学案例的开发阶段。该阶段一共有两个步骤:(1)开发教学策略;(2)选择和开发教学内容。这两个步骤会使用积极修辞来形成教学用语。笔者根据加涅的有效教学的理论确定教学策略。主要包括教学活动的预设以及完成教学的其他成分的安排。对现有的教材即课本进行教学分析,发现现有的教材支持第一、第二条教学目标,但却不能满足通感修辞教学的需求,需要并结合教学多媒体开发适合的教学内容。
[Abstract]:In rhetoric, Mr. Chen Wangdao has different views on the two major divisions of rhetoric, "positive rhetoric" and "negative rhetoric". According to the teaching system theory, teaching is not only the actual teaching in class, but also a series of other stages. In some stages, the application of positive rhetoric is tantamount to adding to the cake, but in some teaching stages, it needs negative rhetoric to express. Barnasi, an American educational technology expert, believes that the teaching system is a hierarchical system. This research only focuses on the teaching and learning levels. Taking Chinese teaching design as a case, the author discusses the theoretical and practical value of rhetoric in different teaching design stages. First of all, based on Dale's theory of "Tower of experience", the author analyzes the three components of "Tower of experience"-abstract experience, experience of observation and experience of doing and direct experience in rhetoric content, and the relation between indirect experience and blending experience. Combined with the stage of teaching system development, the conclusion that negative rhetoric should be considered in analysis and design stage and positive rhetoric should be considered in development stage is put forward. Then the author carries on the concrete Chinese teaching case analysis and the design. The Chinese case was taken from Natural Section 4 / 5 of the Lotus Pond Moon. The teaching analysis stage consists of three steps: (1) the determination of teaching objectives; (2) the analysis of learners and situations; (3) the analysis of teaching. According to the concept of learner-centered, it is necessary to adjust the previous teaching objectives and design the teaching objectives aimed at learners' behavior performance. These three steps need to adjust the teaching language, need to use negative rhetoric to write. According to the need to learn prose and synaesthesia rhetoric, Three teaching objectives are put forward: (1) the students are asked to mark the natural section of "Guanhe Pond"; (2) the students are asked to describe the changes of the scenery which the author sees in the "tranquil" mood; (3) to explain how the rhetoric of synaesthesia is used in the "Guanhe Pond". After completing the stage of analysis and design, it is necessary to carry out the development stage of teaching case. There are two steps in this stage: (1) developing teaching strategy; (2) selecting and developing teaching content. These two steps use positive rhetoric to form teaching language. According to Gagne's theory of effective teaching, the author determines the teaching strategy. It mainly includes the presupposition of teaching activities and the arrangement of other elements of teaching. Through the teaching analysis of the existing textbooks, it is found that the existing textbooks support the first and second teaching objectives, but they cannot meet the needs of the teaching of synaesthetic rhetoric, and need and combine with the multimedia teaching to develop the appropriate teaching contents.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3
本文编号：2260677
[Abstract]:In rhetoric, Mr. Chen Wangdao has different views on the two major divisions of rhetoric, "positive rhetoric" and "negative rhetoric". According to the teaching system theory, teaching is not only the actual teaching in class, but also a series of other stages. In some stages, the application of positive rhetoric is tantamount to adding to the cake, but in some teaching stages, it needs negative rhetoric to express. Barnasi, an American educational technology expert, believes that the teaching system is a hierarchical system. This research only focuses on the teaching and learning levels. Taking Chinese teaching design as a case, the author discusses the theoretical and practical value of rhetoric in different teaching design stages. First of all, based on Dale's theory of "Tower of experience", the author analyzes the three components of "Tower of experience"-abstract experience, experience of observation and experience of doing and direct experience in rhetoric content, and the relation between indirect experience and blending experience. Combined with the stage of teaching system development, the conclusion that negative rhetoric should be considered in analysis and design stage and positive rhetoric should be considered in development stage is put forward. Then the author carries on the concrete Chinese teaching case analysis and the design. The Chinese case was taken from Natural Section 4 / 5 of the Lotus Pond Moon. The teaching analysis stage consists of three steps: (1) the determination of teaching objectives; (2) the analysis of learners and situations; (3) the analysis of teaching. According to the concept of learner-centered, it is necessary to adjust the previous teaching objectives and design the teaching objectives aimed at learners' behavior performance. These three steps need to adjust the teaching language, need to use negative rhetoric to write. According to the need to learn prose and synaesthesia rhetoric, Three teaching objectives are put forward: (1) the students are asked to mark the natural section of "Guanhe Pond"; (2) the students are asked to describe the changes of the scenery which the author sees in the "tranquil" mood; (3) to explain how the rhetoric of synaesthesia is used in the "Guanhe Pond". After completing the stage of analysis and design, it is necessary to carry out the development stage of teaching case. There are two steps in this stage: (1) developing teaching strategy; (2) selecting and developing teaching content. These two steps use positive rhetoric to form teaching language. According to Gagne's theory of effective teaching, the author determines the teaching strategy. It mainly includes the presupposition of teaching activities and the arrangement of other elements of teaching. Through the teaching analysis of the existing textbooks, it is found that the existing textbooks support the first and second teaching objectives, but they cannot meet the needs of the teaching of synaesthetic rhetoric, and need and combine with the multimedia teaching to develop the appropriate teaching contents.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3
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