人教版与北师大版高中生物《分子与细胞》模块教材比较研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 11:32
【摘要】：教育改革的核心是课程改革,课程改革在教育改革中占有极其重要的作用,然而课程改革的突破口就是教材改革。本文选取其中的两套教材——人教版和北师大版的高中生物必修(1)作为研究对象,从中国知网查阅相关文献与资料,并对相关文献进行了认真阅读、分析整理、归纳总结,梳理了生物教材的研究背景,分析了国内外生物教材比较研究的现状、研究目的及意义。以建构主义学习理论、认知主义学习理论、比较教育理论、终身教育学习理论为基础,以课程标准为依据,采用文献分析法、内容分析法对高中生物《分子与细胞》模块的内容特点、意义和价值进行了分析。运用文献资料研究法、教材分析比较法、访谈法对人教版和北师大版《分子与细胞》模块教材的编写结构、教材呈现方式的栏目设置、习题设计、插图、实验进行了比较研究。通过对两个版本教材的比较和分析,结合我国课程改革的新课程标准的新理念,对教材的编写、呈现方式、实验类型的设置等方面得出以下结果。(1)两个版本教材的总体编写结构、内容的编排顺序差异很大,但是大体上思路比较相似,教材的开头都是生物基础知识与理论,同时也是按着从微观到宏观,从基础到复杂的思路来编排的。(2)在栏目设置上存在差异较大。人教版的栏目设置丰富,并且栏目与栏目之间,使用了不同的颜色、图标和分界线与正文隔开。北师大版教材的栏目设置,与人教版教材栏目设置比,较为单调。(3)在习题方面上,人教版教材既有章习题又有节习题,并且题型较为丰富。北师大版教材没有章习题,只是在学习完本节知识,后面设有自我检测来作为节习题,且习题的类型较为简单。(4)两个版本教材在插图上都有自己的特色,但是在知识呈现上起到相同的作用。(5)两个模块实验数目相近,人教版教材实验的亮点是模型建构与课外制作,北师大版教材实验的亮点是模拟实验,对学生的动手操作能力有一定的提高。通过比较研究,发现人教版教材编写不仅新颖、严密,更是注重基础知识、培养学生合作和研究能力;北师大版教材灵活性强、思维活跃,留给学生的思维空间较大。对《分子与细胞》模块的编写、教师教学以及学生如何更好的有效学习提出了一些建议。对教材的编写,建议丰富实验的类型;对教师的建议,对课程标准的理解需要进一步加强。根据学生的实际情况,做好教学设计;对学生的建议是以理解来代替死记硬背的学习,应该避免死记硬背的学习方式,并且在学习过程中,要注重联系生活经验,这样使生物学的某些知识不再抽象,而是真实具体、贴近生活。
[Abstract]:The core of educational reform is curriculum reform, which plays an extremely important role in educational reform. However, the breakthrough of curriculum reform is textbook reform. In this paper, two sets of teaching materials are selected, which are the required high school biology course (1) of the edition of the people's Education and the Beijing normal University (1). The relevant documents and materials are consulted from the Chinese knowledge Network, and the relevant documents are carefully read, analyzed, summarized, summarized and summarized. This paper combs the research background of biology teaching materials, analyzes the present situation, purpose and significance of the comparative study of biology teaching materials at home and abroad. Based on constructivist learning theory, cognitive learning theory, comparative education theory, lifelong learning theory and curriculum standard, the paper adopts the literature analysis method. The content characteristics, significance and value of molecular and cell modules in high school biology were analyzed by content analysis. By using the methods of literature research, analysis and comparison of teaching materials, interviews, this paper makes a comparative study on the compiling structure, column setting, exercises design, illustrations and experiments of the modules of "molecules and cells" in the edition of "Molecular and Cell" in the edition of the normal University of China and Beijing normal University. Through the comparison and analysis of the two versions of the textbooks, combined with the new concept of the new curriculum standards of the curriculum reform in China, the compilation and presentation of the textbooks, The following results are obtained from the setting of experimental types. (1) the overall compilation structure of the two versions of the textbook and the order of the content arrangement are quite different, but on the whole, the ideas are quite similar, and the teaching materials begin with the basic knowledge and theory of biology. At the same time, it is arranged from micro to macro, from foundation to complexity. (2) there are great differences in column setting. The columns are rich, and different colors, icons, and boundaries are used between the columns and the text. The column setting of the edition of Beijing normal University is more monotonous than that of the column set of the teaching material of human education. (3) in the aspect of exercises, the textbook has both chapter exercises and section exercises, and the types of questions are more abundant. Beijing normal University version of the textbook has no chapter exercises, but after learning this section of knowledge, there is a self-examination as a section exercises, and the types of exercises are relatively simple. (4) the two versions of the textbook in the illustrations have their own characteristics, But it plays the same role in the presentation of knowledge. (5) the number of experiments of the two modules is similar. The highlight of the experiment is model construction and extracurricular production, and the bright spot of the experiment of Beijing normal University is the simulation experiment. To the student's hands-on operation ability has certain enhancement. Through comparative study, it is found that the compilation of teaching materials is not only novel and rigorous, but also pays attention to basic knowledge, and cultivates students' cooperation and research ability. Some suggestions are put forward on how to write molecular and cell modules, how to teach and how to learn effectively. For the compilation of textbooks, it is suggested to enrich the types of experiments, and for teachers, the understanding of curriculum standards needs to be further strengthened. According to the actual situation of the students, we should do a good job of teaching design. The advice to the students is to replace the learning by rote memorization with understanding. We should avoid learning by rote, and in the process of learning, we should pay attention to connecting with life experience. In this way, some knowledge of biology is no longer abstract, but real and concrete, close to life.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.91
[Abstract]:The core of educational reform is curriculum reform, which plays an extremely important role in educational reform. However, the breakthrough of curriculum reform is textbook reform. In this paper, two sets of teaching materials are selected, which are the required high school biology course (1) of the edition of the people's Education and the Beijing normal University (1). The relevant documents and materials are consulted from the Chinese knowledge Network, and the relevant documents are carefully read, analyzed, summarized, summarized and summarized. This paper combs the research background of biology teaching materials, analyzes the present situation, purpose and significance of the comparative study of biology teaching materials at home and abroad. Based on constructivist learning theory, cognitive learning theory, comparative education theory, lifelong learning theory and curriculum standard, the paper adopts the literature analysis method. The content characteristics, significance and value of molecular and cell modules in high school biology were analyzed by content analysis. By using the methods of literature research, analysis and comparison of teaching materials, interviews, this paper makes a comparative study on the compiling structure, column setting, exercises design, illustrations and experiments of the modules of "molecules and cells" in the edition of "Molecular and Cell" in the edition of the normal University of China and Beijing normal University. Through the comparison and analysis of the two versions of the textbooks, combined with the new concept of the new curriculum standards of the curriculum reform in China, the compilation and presentation of the textbooks, The following results are obtained from the setting of experimental types. (1) the overall compilation structure of the two versions of the textbook and the order of the content arrangement are quite different, but on the whole, the ideas are quite similar, and the teaching materials begin with the basic knowledge and theory of biology. At the same time, it is arranged from micro to macro, from foundation to complexity. (2) there are great differences in column setting. The columns are rich, and different colors, icons, and boundaries are used between the columns and the text. The column setting of the edition of Beijing normal University is more monotonous than that of the column set of the teaching material of human education. (3) in the aspect of exercises, the textbook has both chapter exercises and section exercises, and the types of questions are more abundant. Beijing normal University version of the textbook has no chapter exercises, but after learning this section of knowledge, there is a self-examination as a section exercises, and the types of exercises are relatively simple. (4) the two versions of the textbook in the illustrations have their own characteristics, But it plays the same role in the presentation of knowledge. (5) the number of experiments of the two modules is similar. The highlight of the experiment is model construction and extracurricular production, and the bright spot of the experiment of Beijing normal University is the simulation experiment. To the student's hands-on operation ability has certain enhancement. Through comparative study, it is found that the compilation of teaching materials is not only novel and rigorous, but also pays attention to basic knowledge, and cultivates students' cooperation and research ability. Some suggestions are put forward on how to write molecular and cell modules, how to teach and how to learn effectively. For the compilation of textbooks, it is suggested to enrich the types of experiments, and for teachers, the understanding of curriculum standards needs to be further strengthened. According to the actual situation of the students, we should do a good job of teaching design. The advice to the students is to replace the learning by rote memorization with understanding. We should avoid learning by rote, and in the process of learning, we should pay attention to connecting with life experience. In this way, some knowledge of biology is no longer abstract, but real and concrete, close to life.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.91
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