民国时期私立女子中学研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 17:14

【摘要】：私立女子中学是女子中等教育的重要组成部分。早在清末时期,政府便颁布《女子师范学堂章程》,允许民间开办女子学堂,实现了对女子中等教育初步的有益探索。中华民国成立后,私立女子中学的地位得到了法律的进一步保障,该时期出现了一定数量的私立女子中学校,这些私立女子中学对促进民国女子中等教育的发展起到了重要作用。民国时期实行的是男女分校,一些地区入学的女生人数不足以开办一所女子中学,政府却无暇顾及,私立女子中学在此背景下应运而生。私立女子中学的办学主体主要有知识分子阶层与实业人士,其中知识分子还包括接受新式教育的女性。经费筹措多样化,包括学杂费、社会资助、基金校产收益、政府补助及其他途径。私立女子中学的学生层次分化较为明显。不少来自较高层次家庭,也有少数来自低层次家庭。在学生管理上,学校在衣着打扮、成绩、品行、请假等方面均作了详细规定。私立女子中学的教师来源较为多样,既有中学、师范院校以及大学毕业生,也有留学人员。教师待遇因校而异,经费充足的学校不仅给予教员基本工资,还赠送各种津贴福利;而资金不足的学校只能勉强支付得起微薄的薪资,教师生活清苦。作为公立女子中学的补充,私立女子中学在培养目标、课程设置、校董会等方面呈现出自身的特点。私立女子中学的培养目标与公立女子中学基本一致,但在特殊时期,存在与公立女中培养目标不同的情况。为了清晰地了解公、私立女子中学在课程设置上的差异,本论文选取相近年份的两份课程表进行比较。私立女子中学的校董会权力较大,拥有决定校长与董事会成员人选、经费保管与预算核算的职权。私立女子中学的办学经验,如办学主体多样化、普通课程与专修课程兼顾、以校董会为主实行学校管理等对当代女子教育有着启发意义,也为当前的教育改革提供了借鉴。
[Abstract]:Private girls' middle school is an important part of female secondary education. As early as the late Qing Dynasty, the government promulgated the articles of Association for Women's normal Schools, which allowed people to set up women's schools, thus realizing the preliminary beneficial exploration for women's secondary education. After the founding of the Republic of China, the status of private girls' middle schools was further protected by law, and a certain number of private girls' middle schools appeared in that period. These private girls' secondary schools played an important role in promoting the development of female secondary education in the Republic of China. During the period of the Republic of China, the number of female students enrolled in some areas was not enough to set up a girls' middle school, but the government did not have time to take it into account. Private girls' middle schools came into being in this context. The main body of private girls' middle schools are intellectuals and industrialists, among them, intellectuals include women who receive new education. Financing diversification, including school fees, social support, fund school income, government subsidies and other channels. The division of students in private girls' middle schools is obvious. Many come from higher-level families, but also a few from low-level families. In the management of students, the school in dress, grades, conduct, leave and other aspects made detailed regulations. Private female middle schools have a wide range of teachers, including middle schools, normal colleges and university graduates, as well as students studying abroad. Teachers' treatment varies from school to school. Schools with sufficient funds not only give teachers basic wages, but also various allowances and benefits, while schools with insufficient funds can barely afford to pay a meagre salary, and teachers live in miserable conditions. As a supplement of public girls' middle school, private girls' middle school has its own characteristics in training goal, curriculum, board of trustees and so on. The training goal of the private girls' middle school is basically the same as that of the public girls' middle school, but in the special period, there are different training goals between the private girls' middle school and the public girl's middle school. In order to understand the differences between public and private secondary schools in curriculum, this paper selects two similar years to compare the curriculum. The board of trustees of private girls' schools has the authority to decide the headmasters and board members, the custody of funds and budget accounting. The experience of private women's middle school, such as the diversification of the main body of running a school, the consideration of the general curriculum and the specialized course, and the school management based on the school management committee, have enlightening significance to the contemporary women's education, and have also provided a reference for the current education reform.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.29

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