中职学校化学教学中的分层教学研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 12:24

【摘要】：时代在发展,社会对技术人才的需求不断扩大,要求也逐渐提高。但高校扩招的持续升温,普通高中招生规模的不断扩大,致使中职学校的招生难度越来越大,学生的素质和数量逐年下降。学生在学习成绩、习惯、能力和兴趣上存在较大差异。若仍采用统一的教学标准和方法去施教,显然是不能取得良好的教学效果的,学生的个性也不能得到很好的发展。而且中职学校的学生对化学缺乏学习兴趣,认为枯燥乏味,找不到学习的动力。因此,针对学生特点进行分层教学研究,对中职学校提高学生化学学习能力具有现实的指导意义。本文共包含七个部分:第一部分是问题的提出;第二部分对国内分层教学的历史及现状进行了综述,阐述了分层教学的涵义及特点;第三部分指出了本文的研究目的、方法和内容;第四部分是本文关于中职学校化学分层教学的理论构想。简述了分层教学的理论依据,提出以学生意愿为前提、以发展方向为主要依据的“显性与隐性”相结合的分层模式,以及“分层定位教学目标→分层质疑→分层练习→分层辅导→分层布置作业→分层评价与考核”的教学策略;第五部分是分层教学的实施。本文以本校化工专业3个班的学生为研究对象,根据构建的分层方式和教学操作模式,在《分析化学》这门课程中进行实践。设计调查问卷和访谈提纲,在研究初始,对研究对象进行问卷调查前测,在课程结束时再次进行问卷调查后测和对个别学生进行访谈。第六部分是分层教学的效果分析。选用问卷调查法、观察法和访谈法对分层教学实施情况进行分析,了解学生的学习兴趣、习惯、态度、学习能力、自我体验等方面的变化。实践研究证明,分层次教学对中职学校化学课的开展确实起到了一定的促进作用,学生在学习中体会到了更多的乐趣,能更加积极主动的进行学习,增强了自信心,对于学习习惯的养成和学习态度的端正也起到了很大的推动作用,课堂效率得到了提升。第七部分是分层教学研究的结论与反思。总结了在本校化学专业实行分层教学的好处,也提出了实践过程中出现的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了解决的办法。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the social demand for technical talents is expanding and the requirements are increasing gradually. However, with the increasing enrollment of colleges and universities and the expanding enrollment scale of ordinary high schools, it is becoming more and more difficult for secondary vocational schools to enroll students, and the quality and quantity of students decrease year by year. Students have great differences in academic achievement, habits, abilities and interests. If we still adopt the unified teaching standards and methods to teach, it is obvious that we can not achieve good teaching results, and the students' personality can not be well developed. Moreover, students in secondary vocational schools lack interest in chemistry and find no motivation for learning. Therefore, it is of practical significance for secondary vocational schools to improve students' chemistry learning ability by means of stratified teaching research according to the characteristics of students. This paper consists of seven parts: the first part is the question, the second part summarizes the history and present situation of the stratified teaching in China, the meaning and characteristics of the layered teaching are expounded, the third part points out the purpose of this paper. The fourth part is the theoretical conception of chemistry stratification teaching in secondary vocational schools. This paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis of stratified teaching, and puts forward a stratified model combining "dominance and recessive", which is based on the students' wishes and the direction of development. And the teaching strategy of "stratified teaching objective and delamination question", the fifth part is the implementation of stratified teaching. This paper takes the students of three classes of chemical engineering major in our university as the research object, according to the layering way and the teaching operation mode, carries on the practice in the course "Analytical Chemistry". The questionnaire and interview outline were designed. At the beginning of the study, the subjects were tested before the questionnaire, and the students were interviewed again at the end of the course. The sixth part is the effect analysis of stratified teaching. Questionnaire survey, observation and interview were used to analyze the implementation of stratified teaching to find out the changes of students' learning interest, habit, attitude, learning ability and self-experience. The practical research has proved that the hierarchical teaching has played a certain role in promoting the development of chemistry courses in secondary vocational schools, students have experienced more fun in their study, they have been more active in learning, and their self-confidence has been enhanced. For the formation of learning habits and correct attitude also played a great role in promoting the efficiency of the classroom. The seventh part is the conclusion and reflection of layered teaching research. This paper summarizes the advantages of implementing stratified teaching in chemistry major in our university, and puts forward some problems in the course of practice, and puts forward some solutions to these problems.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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